Friedman’s Discussion of Globalization and Flattening Essay Example for Free

Friedmans Discussion of Globalization and unconditionedtening EssayGlobalization is regarded by its critics as a force which is extending the gap between the realnesss rich and poor. In some ways, this has been true, especially throughout the first decade of the post-Cold War Era. The fount of gateways to the East created a relationship between the corporate partners throughout the universe that concentrated the spoils of free-trade into the hands of the wealthy.But in Thomas Friedmans 2005 meditation on the topic, The World is Flat, there is evidence that in fact, the intended products of globalisation such as a greater distribution of knowledge resources and a leveling of the technical playing field be beginning to surface. This latter product of free trade, the leveling effect is that which informs Friedmans title theme. The world has become flat by its increasing smallness. The economic, political, cultural and tele-communicative interconnectivity of nations is gradua lly eroding many an opposite(prenominal) of the geographic obstacles to popular progress.The strands of globalization, the New York Times journalist observes, have contributed to a broadening of access to indie entrepreneurialship and prospect. Though many of the subjects of the authors analysis be large Ameri terminate multi-national corporations, there is an evident transition in which knowledge-based internet startup enterprises from across the globe are undermining the more monopolistic proclivities of the American market.In nations such as India and China, American exploitation of lower operational, environmental and labor-oriented costs in the scientific sector has caused a proliferation of such resources to the general public. This, in turn, is becoming a hotbed of alternative market action which will ultimately dismantle the superiority of the American economy. According to Friedmans analysis, a core detriment to the U. S. economy, but a boon to independent operations overseas, has been a disregard for American private conceptions of airscrew rights.From counterfeiting of American name brand consumer goods to pirate telecommunication infrastructural apparatuses, the bureaucratic vulnerabilities to effective globalization are numerous. Both partners in a free-trade circumstance stand to lack economic opportunity in the presence of such market subversions. Thomas Friedmans text is eye-opening insofar as so many of the matters which he discusses may be directly implicated in the experiences of our everyday lives.In fact, this is the flattening principle of which the author speaks, dictating that the public experience rather than simply large institutional abstractions are shaping the context in which we live our lives. Such is to mention that the technological, educational, informational and recreational freedoms which have traditionally be reserved for those on the upper echelon of both their house servant setting and international geography ar e increasingly becoming democratic. However, in contrast to Friedmans general tenor of optimism, his sarcasm only hints at the on-line(prenominal) consequences of globalization for so many individuals.This tidings is a reflection on Friedmans text as informed by my own conception of globalization which brings future opportunity at the expense of current human dignity, personal satisfaction and even American prosperity. Therefore, the discussion will be oriented toward elucidating globalizations internally contradictory nature. Just as it enriches one demographic in a developing nation, it facilitates the ranked abuse of some other. Just as it endows us with a heretofore unseen capacity for self-sufficiency, it likewise robs us of the capacity to control the level of satisfaction which we achieve when relating to the commercial world.In the flattening of the global horizon that Friedman lauds as the eventual path to a shared standard of living and prosperity, there is the need fo r a greater analytical emphasis on the negative forces that are driving individuals to increasingly attempt to find their own pathways to social and commercial interaction. Friedmans discussion, as we will see, is focused on demonstrating the permeation of benefits to the collective world community in free trade. This is quite supportable from a macrolevel standpoint.Indeed, nations engaged in free trade would do well to support one another in a mutuality of benefit. Certainly, as was illustrated by the economic phenomena of the 1990s, the expansion of a single large market through a peg of technological progress will have the effect of disseminating to the rest of the free world. This was certainly proved to be true by the dynamic of that decade, when there was a massive coronation in technology, especially in the bubble era, when hundreds of millions of dollars were invested in putting broadband connectivity around the world. (Friedman, 6) The result is what is seen as surfacing today. More than the unite States, it is the world community which is producing the knowledge workforce of the future. And though Friedman is forthcoming in making that foreboding case, it is important that we expound upon this subject further in this discussion by acknowledging that globalization and the flattening effect are not of a uniform recitation.Even as the proliferation which the author discusses is taking place, it has done so with a mess of consequences that can neither said to have been desire nor can be said to have stimulated greater equality. Friedman, whom by his text we may suggest is a supporter of the ultimate purpose of globalization, watchs the technological attribution that it was actually the coincidence of the dot-com boom and the Telecommunications Act of 1996 that launched the fiber-optic bubble. (67) Friedman observes that the collective telecom constancy invested roughly 1 trillion dollars in half a decade on wiring the world. (67) The deregulatio n in the 1996 American domestic legislation, which allowed so many larger companies to enforce hostile consolidation measures in a vast array of theretofore legally unapproachable markets, would coincide with the unfettered capital investment in global internet penetration that has ultimately elevated private sector rights over public rights while simultaneously helping to bring other nations to an eventually greater infrastructural promotion of internet access than would be found in the United States.In some manner, this is borne out by a pattern with incredibly broad-based implications for American consumer and job markets. Today, we have seen and experienced the wholesale transfer of our node Service sedulousness to fledgling globalizing economies such as that in India. Here, study computer retailers, cable company operators, wireless communication device providers, bank/credit cards merchants and virtually every other monopolistic corporate industry in America is forced to ma intain its competitive advantages by commissioning outsourced Customer Service agents located in India.It is their charge to replicate the experience of an American calling a support technician with an intimate relationship with the product in question. This is accomplished with, as Friedman reveals, intensive training in the adoption of linguistic, dialectic and etiquette-related behaviors knowing to facilitate comfort for the American caller. The Indian call center operators adopt Western names of their own choosing. The idea, of course, is to make their American or European customers odour more comfortable. (22) Amongst the many indicators that cultural flattening would play a part in this transition of labor, the concept of taking on an Americanized name in the interests of facilitating the core consumer target is not only remarkable but intensely objectionable from the outside perspective, particularly when this outside perspective is informed by the sense of autonomy and id entity element typically affiliated with western philosophy.However, for the subjects described in Friedmans book, an aspect of the western philosophy perhaps more indicative of its cultural interest is the economic opportunity afforded to the hundreds of thousands of young Indian post-graduates competing for the chance to answer phone calls from Americans concerned with all manner of technical support or target marketing. This relatively low-level and typically micro-managed field in America has become amongst the most competitive entry-level positions in India.And in one sense that Friedman captures in the theoretical framing of his text, this is an opportunity for personal economic mobility which for the young student in India might have been seen as extraordinary and rarified just a decade ago. This may scarcely be said to be true today, where 245,000 Indians are answering phones 24 hours a day and charged with responsibility of representing themselves as being located somewhe re in the United States. (24)From a personal perspective, this has produced an incredible dearth of quality service in the United States, where the usability of our products has become increasingly distant from the quality of the Customer Support which we have received. One of the qualities of our technology which Friedman believes has helped to diminish the relevance of geographical distance to serviceability has been the institution of automated Customer Service. For those of us who have been transferred and given(p) insufficient options for contending with specific categories of problem, this has hardly been an added convenience.And the infallibly polite computerized operator is equally as unflappable or emotionally unresponsive as is the outsourced Customer Service representative. In a particularly telling passage where Friedman observes a woman in an Indian call center as caller after caller hangs up the phone in rage, we can see that there is something about this experience t hat can be excruciating and even unfair. It may be noted that Friedman does a very effective job at distinguishing between the economic, the sociological and the technological factors which have rendered our current level of global flatness.He acknowledges that there were world events which would make the type of collaborationism now essential between the United States and India a natural matter of happenstance. Friedman describes the so-called Y2K crisis in which it was feared that a lack of programming anticipation would result in the incorrect resetting of the worlds computer-based internal clocking mechanisms, creating the likelihood of widespread technical failure throughout the world.Thus, with Y2K bearing down on us, America and India started dating, and that relationship became a huge flattener, because it demonstrated to so many different businesses that the combination of the PC, the Internet, and fiber-optic cables had created the possibility of a whole new for of colla boration horizontal value creation outsourcing. (108) So we must yield to the fact that, truly, globalization can hardly be avoided. The scope of consumer need does truly beseech a greater scope of consumer service, and the Indian economy does have the correct workforce makeup to address this need.But when combined with the expansion of private rights, courtesy of such legislation as the 1996 Act, this has created a frustrating sense for the consumer that flattening requires a considerable decline from the experiences to which Americans have grown accustomed. Perhaps the overarching presence in Friedmans text is the intimation that these factors which are impacting our lives and the affecting the shift of world order are of an inevitable nature. The ten factors which are identified as the flattening mechanisms of the changing globe are largely technological and economic forces with broad social and cultural implications.However, these latter qualities are merely the secondary co nsequence of a circumstance act to by former. Such is to say that the proliferation of western culture, though certainly not accidental, is merely incidental. Referring once again to the problematic case of outsourcing Customer Support services, we can see that the imposition of American culture is only due to the need to cater to the American consumer. In reality, though Indian culture is threatened by subversion, it is American culture which is being co-opted for reasons having little to do with cultural expression.As a result, the American identity has been trivialized and largely represented as being equal to the conveyance of commercial interest. One of the core revelations offered by this text, at least when placed in the context of the general Americans everyday experience, is that the flattening which has occurred must necessarily come at the expense of the Americans staunch sense of individuality and belief in personal entitlement.Works Cited Friedman, T. (2005). The Worl d is Flat A Brief History of the 21st Century. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

Illustrate the theme of isolation in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck Essay Example for Free

Illustrate the theme of isolation in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck look forIn the novel Of Mice and Men which was set in the 1930s I believe that John Steinbeck Illustrated loneliness and solitude in many places. The seclusion in those times was due to mainly discrimination and injustice. The life of a customary worker would be very difficult, therefore people worked for others on their farms. The wages were non proportional to the amount of labour and in addition the accommodation was barely habitable, this was unjust. The two focal characters George and Lennie acquit a sturdy bond and companionship. The other characters in the story are missing a true acquaintance and are envious of the two men. They have never before seen two men get together together like that before. All the other characters in the book are all abandoned and dejected apart from Slim. George and Lennie were wedged together through fatheaded and thin, through good and bad and they knew they needed eac h other. This was revealed as George Said Guys like us that live on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world. This meaning that if non for each other they would be like the others on the ranch, discontented and lonesome.The others on the ranch had recognised this, as their fellow workers said Funny how you an him string together. This had highlighted the unusualness of the slur and the migrant lifestyle of the 1930s. While the complete ranch suffers from loneliness there are a few individual cases that are emphasised throughout the whole book. There are three main people in the book who suffer, Crooks, sweeten and Curleys Wife. They all suffer injustice in the form of prejudice and discrimination. Candy was thought of as an outcast as he has no longer got the physical ability due to his age and his physical disability does not jock his cause.Candy had one true friend nevertheless, his dog. Once the dog was killed by Carlson, Candy was forced to seek friendship in another form. He knew that he was going to be given his marching orders shortly, as he said theyll call me purty soon. While he was in the bunk house one day, he over heard George and Lennie talk about their lifelong dream. Candy decided to help George and Lennie accomplish their dreams. Candy had presented to facilitate in the form of money and manual of arms labour. This was a move of desperation but worked as the two men accepted Candys offer.Candy basically tried to buy friendship, this does not always clear true friends. Crooks a black man who faced isolation from the racist community. Crooks is not allowed to socially interact with others around him because of his colour which is similar to Lennies situation as Lennie was unable to interact with people due to his mental condition. Crooks is restricted from doing customary things along side the white. He recognises how he has been treated and acts towards the white people who have affronted him how he himself is being treated. Crooks is also an envious man.He is extremely resentful of George and Lennies tight friendship as Crooks says to Lennie while in the barn together well, spose, jus spose he dont come back. Whatll you do then? this was asked because Crooks did not have any friends and did not know how it would feel to lose them unexpectedly. Knowing that Lennie was mentally ill, Crooks decided to torture him because he wanted to ease some anger because he was discarded and unwanted by the others. Crooks is so lonely and striving for a good life he will do anything to live peacefully.

Puma Ag Rudolf Dassler Sport Marketing Essay

Puma Ag Rudolf Dassler Sport merchandiseing EssayIntroductionThe report presents a comprehensive analysis of NIKE INC. NIKE was founded in January 1964 as Blue Ribbon Sports by Bill Bowerman and Philip Knight and incorporated in 1968 under the laws of the state of Oregon. Its worlds trail(p) designer, tradeer and distributor of authentic athletic footwear, app arl, equipment and accessories for a wide variety of sports and fitness activities.Product/ServiceNike produces a wide range of Footwear, attire and Sports Equipments. Nikes Wholly-owned subsidiaries hold Cole Haan, Converse Inc, Hurley International LLC and Umbro LtdTarget MarketNikes fanny market for their shoes, clothes and another(prenominal) accessories are males and females between 18 and 35 age old. It in addition derrieres active and sporty people as it provides proceedss for altogether kinds of sports.Goals and ObjectivesNikes goal is tocarry on his legacy of innovative thinking, whetherto develop product s that help athletes of every level of cleverness reach their potential, or to create business opportunities that set Nike apart from the competition and provide value for our shareholders.ManagementPhilip H. Knight, Chairman of the Board of DirectorsMark Parker, President master(prenominal) Executive Officer, NIKE, Inc.Charlie Denson, President, NIKE BrandINTRODUCTIONNIKE was founded in January 1964 as Blue Ribbon Sports by Bill Bowerman and Philip Knight and incorporated in 1968 under the laws of the state of Oregon. Its worlds leading designer, marketer and distributor of authentic athletic footwear, apparel, equipment and accessories for a wide variety of sports and fitness activities. Nike became globally recognized for its swoosh logo and its trademark slogan undecomposed do it. Nikes Wholly-owned subsidiaries includeCole Haan which designs markets and distributes luxury shoes, handbags, accessories and coats.Converse Inc which designs markets and distributes athletic foo twear, apparel and accessories.Hurley International LLC which designs markets and distributes action sports and youth lifestyle footwear, apparel and accessories.Umbro Ltd is leading United commonwealth based global football (soccer) brand.http//seekingalpha.com/symbol/nke/de bridge playerionhttp//invest.nike.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=100529p=irol-news obligateID=1380811highlight=http//www.ehow.com/ somewhat_6465548_nike-uses-endorsements-sponsorships.htmlhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nike,_Inc.THE MARKET ENVIRONMENTGeographical MarketNikes world headquarters is located near Beaverton, Oregon, a suburb of Portland.Today Nike operates in more than 160 countries around the globe like U.S, Europe, Middle East, Africa, Asia Pacific and Americas.http//www.nikebiz.com/?sitesrc=emealpBusinessNike specializes in Footwear, apparels and equipments. In addition to its namesake Nike brand, the companionship as well develops and markets footwear and apparel products under the Cole Haan, Converse, Hurl ey International, and Umbro Inc which are nikes owned subsidiaries.http//www.nikebiz.com/?sitesrc=emealpPest-G AnalysisNike is an international organization and needs to focus on macro environmental factors. big environmental factors comprise Political, Economics, Society, and Technology.http//www.businessteacher.org.uk/free-business-essays/nike-business-essay/BCG MatrixNike is established within its markets from economies of scale.Hence places them in the Cash Cows socio-economic class on the BCG Matrix.Cash cows market harvesting has slowed and hence the products hold a fairly stable market share.http//www.businessteacher.org.uk/free-business-essays/nike-business-essay/THE COMPETITIONMain CompetitorsThe main competitors of Nike are-Adidas AGNew equilibrise Athletic Shoe, Inc.jaguar AG Rudolf Dassler Sporthttp//biz.yahoo.com/ic/42/42602.htmlSales and Profit trendsAdidas AGDuring the first half of the year 2010, Adidas sales are 5590 millions and profit is 2727 millions. There is an emergence of 11% of sales and an increase of 20.2% of profit in 2010.http//www.adidas-group.com/en/investorrelations/financial_data/income_statement/default.aspxNew Balance Athletic Shoe IncAt the end of the year 2008, the total gross was 1640.00 M.http//biz.yahoo.com/ic/42/42602.htmlPUMA AG Rudolf Dassler SportAt the end of year 2009, the total revenue was 3526.70 M.http//biz.yahoo.com/ic/91/91292.htmlMarket shareAdidas AGAdidas acquires 6% of the global athletic apparel market and 16% of the global athletic footwear market.New balance Athletic Shoes IncNew Balance Athletic Shoes acquires 6% of the global athletic footwear market.PUMA AG Rudolf Dassler SportPuma acquires 2% of the global athletic apparel market and 7% of the global athletic footwear market.http//www.wikinvest.com/stock/Nike_(NKE)Market_ShareTarget marketsAdidasAdidass target market is mainly the urban youth with the brand position and the potential target market is the principal consumption centers like the metros.http//www.scribd.com/doc/8760709/AdidasNew Balance Athletic Shoes IncNew Balance target young consumers with the same ardour of its rivalshttp//www.answers.com/topic/new-balance-athletic-shoe-incPuma AGBy shifting their brand proposition Puma broadened their target market from solely sport to lifestyle and even fashion.http//www.nundroo.com/ register/000008.htmlTHE COMPANYSales and profit trendsDuring the year 2009, Nikes sales were $2,583 million whereas in 2010 it is $2741 million. The profits earned during the year 2009 were $2216 million whereas in 2010 it is $2434 million. There is an increase of 6% in profits and 10% in sales in the year 2010.http//invest.nike.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=100529p=irol-finReportingMarket shareNike is the clear market leader with 31% of the global athletic footwear market and 7% of the global athletic apparel market.http//www.wikinvest.com/stock/Nike_(NKE)Market_ShareBusiness sectorsFootwearNike specializes in athletic footwear particularly in r unning, cross-training, basketball, and soccer. It also sells sport-inspired casual footwear like its Air Force Ones footwear line. Nikes Footwear sales increased by 14% in 2009 reaching nearly $10.3 billion. Hence 54% of revenue comes from the footwear sector.ApparelNike also sells sports apparel such as running shorts, t-shirts, and licensed apparel (with logos of college and professional sports teams). Apparel sales totaled $5.24 billion in 2009, a 0.2% increase from a year earlier.EquipmentsNike also sells sports equipment such as balls, protective equipment, and golf clubs. Sales of Nike brand equipment has reached $1.11 billion in 2009 which resulted in 9.5% increase from 2008.OthersNike also sells apparel and footwear under the Nike Golf, Cole Haan, Converse, Hurley International, and Umbro brand names.http//www.wikinvest.com/stock/Nike_(NKE)Market_SharenProject focusSince Nike is specialized and far-famed in athletic footwear, I have selected footwear sector as my project focus.SWOT analysishttp//www. case-assurance-solutions.com/swot-analysis-nike.htmlTHE COMPANYS MARKETING STRATEGYSegmentationAccording to Philip Kotler Market Segmentation is the subdividing of market intohomogeneous sub-set of customers, where any subset may conceivably be selected as market target to be reached with distinct Marketing Mix. (function() var scribd = document.createElement(script) scribd.type = text/javascript scribd.async = adjust scribd.src = https//www.scribd.com/javascripts/embed_code/inject.js var s = document.getElementsByTagName(script)0 s.parentNode.insertBefore(scribd, s) )() Nike segments the international markets by geographic location the United States, the Americas, Asia Pacific and Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA).TargetingA target market or target audience is a group of customers that the business has decided to aim its marketing efforts and ultimately its merchandise.http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Target_marketNikes target market f or their shoes, clothes and other accessories are males and females between 18 and 35 years old. It also targets active and sporty people as it provides products for all kinds of sports. (function() var scribd = document.createElement(script) scribd.type = text/javascript scribd.async = true scribd.src = https//www.scribd.com/javascripts/embed_code/inject.js var s = document.getElementsByTagName(script)0 s.parentNode.insertBefore(scribd, s) )() PositioningThe process by which marketers try to create an image or identity in the minds of their target market for its product, brand, or organization.http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positioning_(marketing)Nike products are easily available in different retail and outlet stores all over the world such as Sun and Sand Sports. Nike products are also available at their own Nike store online and Nike town.Differentiation/Low Cost Leadership/FocusLow price compare to its high quality products.Edge cutting products.E.g. Nike + iPodCu shioning technologies in its shoes.Patents all its new technologiesGrowth StrategyTo create innovative products, amazing brand experiences, and premium retail destinations wherever consumers connect with NIKE.-Mark Parker, President and CEO, NIKE, Inchttp//www.nikebiz.com/media/pr/2010/09/23_FY11Q1Earnings.htmlGeneric strategyNike uses network structureNike implemented Differentiation StrategiesTHE MARKETING MIXProductNike is trying to meet the consumer needs. Nike realizes that the clients could be participating in more than one sporting event and they need a huge range of products to meet all their sporting needs. The Companys innovation has added prominent value to its products. For example, there are some Nike shoes that have been installed with radio devices to measure runners pace. Nikes quality products, loyal customer base and its outstanding marketing techniques all contribute to make the shoe empire a huge success. Some of the Nike shoes are Nike Jordon, Nike air force classic, Nike air max, Nike Shox etc.http//www.pickyourshoes.com/size/nike_air_forces.htmhttp//www.upublish.info/Article/Marketing-Mix-for-Nike/314859http//shopping.aol.com/articles/2008/05/12/nike-shoes/PriceNike has designed to be belligerent to other fashion shoe retailers. Nike targets the consumers who accept product intimacy and thus care less about the product. This enables Nike to set pretty higher prices than its competitors. This strategy helps to push product perceived product value. Once the consumers develop product intimacy, they come to associate their person with the product and will pay whatever price quoted on the product with Nike logo on it. Nike uses the vertical integration pricing strategy in which the steps problematic in the production and/or distribution of a product or service are controlled by NIKE, in order to increase that companys or entitys designer in the marketplace.http//www.upublish.info/Article/Marketing-Mix-for-Nike/314859http//www.suite101. com/content/audit-on-nikes-marketing-strategies-a94404PlaceNike shoes are sold in multi-brand stores and the exclusive Nike stores across the globe. Nike sells its product to about 20,000 retail accounts in the U.S. and in almost 200 countries around the world (http//www.suite101.com/content/audit-on-nikes-marketing-strategies-a94404) . The Company sells its products directly or it uses subsidiaries and distributors. It also sells its products through internet as it has its own online Nike store and Nike town. Because the company is located all over the world and it also uses licensed distributors because it is rather difficult to reach all those parts of the globe.http//www.upublish.info/Article/Marketing-Mix-for-Nike/314859PromotionNike has a twist of famous athletes that serve as brand ambassadors such as the Brazilian Soccer Team (especially Ronaldino, Renaldo, and Roberto Carlos), Lebron James and Jermane ONeal for basketball, Lance Armstrong for cycling, and Tiger Woods for G olf. Sponsoring of events is another great promotional technique for Nike. Web sites are a great promotional tool as they cover these events. Events like Hoop It Up and The Golden tungsten Invitational. Nike make the websites exclusively for a sport such as nikebasketball.com, nikefootball.com, and nikegolf.comhttp//www.upublish.info/Article/Marketing-Mix-for-Nike/314859EVALUATION OF COMPANYS STRATEGIES AND TACTICSEvaluation of companys current positionStrong brand recognition. binding endorser.Global leader in athletic shoe market.The swoosh is nationally recognized by 97 percent of the American population.Nike is leading the U.S. marketplace in athletic footwear. Through aggressive advertising, endorsements by the leading professional athletes in nearly every major sport, and a high-quality product, Nike has been able to sustain a competitive advantage. They continue to show growth in the athletic footwear industry.http//www.docstoc.com/docs/17947394/With-adidas-and-Reebok-Combin ed_-Will-Nike-Still-Crush-theEvidence of companys success (refer to the graphs in appendix)The total revenue during 2010 was $19014 million, a little less than the previous(prenominal) year.EPS performance of Nike has increased from $3.03 in 2009 to $3.86 in 2010.Return on invested capital has also increased from 17.8% in 2009 to 20.7% in 2010.The gross profit has increased from $8,604,400 in 2009 to $8,800,400 in 2010.The net income has increased from $1,486,700in 2009 to $1,906,700 in 2010.Revenue distributions of Nike in international markets have increased from 49% in 2009 to 53% in 2010.increase stock performance by 90% in comparison of SP 500.Nike has always remained on the preference list of athletes and athletic footwear was indeed the first category of products launched by the company more than 30 years ago. Today, you can see the craze for its products, not only among athletes, but also among golfers and other sportspeople.http//media.corporate-ir.net/media_files/IROL/10/ 100529/nike-ar-20100804/index.htmlselect_financialsProspects for future day growth/success.Offer economical price to variable consumers around the world.Open up more stores and franchise to reach maximum buyers.Have more parley with their customers and receive feedback from them to help create imagine that Nike care for its customers.Come up with more new ideas of designing the shoes.CONCLUSIONNike, Inc. is a company rooted in competition. From equipping athletes with the finest sports equipment in the world to continuously improving their financial performance, Nike dominates its competitors. Phil Knight and Bill Bowerman probably could not have imagined in 1962 to what degree their $500 investments would pass on in 2010. They did know that product quality and innovation would help athletes to achieve greater goals. It is one that has helped athletes and stakeholders alike to realize athletic and financial greatness. Despite a changing marketplace for athletic footwear, Nike wan ts to expand their product lines and marketing reach to become a more powerful global brand. Nike has existed for more than 35 years and is still willing to travel a long distance of popularity.APPENDICES400px-Footwear_market_shares.png400px-Apparel_market_shares.pnghttp//www.wikinvest.com/stock/Nike_(NKE)Market_Sharechart-revenue.gifchart-eps.gifchart-roi.gifchart-stock.gifchart-distrib.gifhttp//media.corporate-ir.net/media_files/IROL/10/100529/nike-ar-20100804/index.htmlselect_financials

Social Work Roles And Criminal Justice Settings Social Work Essay

fond take Roles And roughshod arbitrator Settings societal Work EssayThere be m some(prenominal) competing pressures to direct the service in ways that may not be consistent with kindly Work principles towards greater penal and correctional models. It is therefore essential to down a take up understanding of the insurance and legal framework that creates the remit and legitimacy for the operation of cordial Work in the Criminal Justice channelize (Whyte, 2001, p.7).Statute rectitude is created by Acts of the UK and Scottish Parliaments and relies upon rulings made in Court Hearings to objurgate precedents that define and interpret key terms i.e. Case Law. Understanding the law is fundamental to confide in Criminal Justice settings. Criminal Law is a powerful instrument of social control and sanctions and the Criminal Courts consume the potential to impose restrictions of indecorum of undivideds. amicable Workers do a business towards the popular macrocosm and the courts to protect the domain and ensure their wellbeing however, there is withal obligation towards those who argon in the Criminal Justice process who may be vulnerable and in demand of work permitd by Social Work. It is therefore essential that all workers have an understanding of the legal frameworks that govern Criminal Justice Social Work and ar aware of the scope and limitations of their mandate (Whyte, 2001). However, law is subject to change and reprehensible justice policy is more liable to sudden, politically motivated changes of direction than is social policy in other fields (Smith, 2002, p.309)The law defines what a law-breaking is, rules of evidence and criminal procedure. However, discretion is given to those involved and therefore, the criminal justice process is not systematic. The judiciary, police and social work have differing roles, agendas, values and beliefs which are shaped by training and cultures which coffin nail make working within the system difficult due to lack of shared understanding of common trails and somebody roles.Social Work involves working with the marginalised and disadvantaged and lot be twain vulnerable to ab drop and susceptible to criminalisation and coiffure involves work with victims or wrongdoers. local Authorities have statutory responsibility to put forward Criminal Justice Social Work Services to support the Criminal Justice Process through with(predicate) legal opinion of respective(prenominal)s, study to the Courts and supervision of offenders.Scotland differs from the rest of the UK in that there is a unique cultural and political heritage and a separate legal system. Social Work therefore, has a central role within the Criminal Justice process in Scotland which is in contrast to England and Wales where probation work is commissioned by the field Offender Management Service (NOMS) which is separate from Local Authority control and Social Work functions and shows a difference in th eir approaches in responding to crime. As McAra (2005) suggests a more welfare orientated approach has been adopted due to its legal culture and political history.The legal framework outlining powers and duties of Criminal Justice Social Work is the Social Work Scotland Act 1968 (as amended). Section 27 of this Act outlines the duty by Local Authorities to provide specific Criminal Justice services (e.g. social background disciplines, supervision of offenders on an Order or Licence) in respect of central government funding however, it does not explain the objectives of these services or provide guidance on their exercise. Section 12 gives Local Authorities (LAs) discretion to provide additional services (e.g. victims) as part of the general responsibility to encourage social welfare.Probation or offender services became the responsibility of the Local Authority Social Work Departments in 1968 and had a general duty to promote social welfare in their locality (S12, Social Work (Sco tland) Act 1968). This was due to the Kilbrandon Committee (Kilbrandon, 1964) being appointed to investigate increasing juvenile crime. The Kilbrandon extend recommended a new approach to childrens services based on the needs of children and families and those who offend should be treated the same as those children requiring care and protection. Kilbrandon also suggested departure and early voluntary encumbrance as crime stayion and one department for children and adults. This merge of work with adult offenders was pivotal in recognising work with offenders as having a welfare component admittedly with a level of control. Although the Kilbrandon philosophy followed trends of the time which advocated rehabilitation and treatment of offenders and an sensory faculty of the social causes of crime, this is still highly relevant to todays practice.From the 1980s onwards Criminal Justice in Scotland has undergone major legislative andpolicy change due to successive governments. As the re was concern for public protectionand community disposal trenchantness in 1991, 100 per cent central government funding wasintroduced and the National Objectives and Standards were published which set out vegetable marrow objectives, service provision and guidance on their delivery (Social Work Group, 1991).This resulted in the government committing to Social Work delivering this role. This policyarrangement outlined by Rifkind in 1989 has survived changes in political administrationalthough, it has been suggested that devolution has caused a sudden and dramaticpoliticisation of Criminal Justice issues and could undermine the welfare tradition (McNeilland Batchelor, 2004 Croal, 2005).Social Work with offenders should aim to address and reduce offend behaviour. Whilst the law provides a framework for practice, effective work with offenders requires Social Work skills such as communication, therapeutic relationships in supervision, appraisal and essay management. The task is ther efore, varied and complex as Social Workers have the power to control the individuals who are referred via the Courts and enforce any Court Orders solely essential also work with an offender in a holistic, inclusive way to have a confident(p) impact on their anger behaviour and this can be through support and assistance in relation to personal and social problems but also the individual taking responsibility for their actions. Effective and ethical practice is therefore, about conceptualiseing and managing the needs and rights of the Courts, the general public, victims and offenders. Although Social Workers have statutory duties and powers to interfere in peoples lives this is not always welcome but is necessary in promoting public safety. Under the Scottish Social Work Services Council (SSSC) Code of Practice Social Workers have an obligation to uphold public trust and presumption and the Criminal Justice Authorities (CJAs) are required by Scottish Executive guidance to devel op a strategy to address this (Scottish Executive, 2006b). This strategy includes both offenders and their families and Social Workers should engage these individuals and recognise their views in the development of services.Both Criminal Law and Social Work recognise the autonomy of individuals choices on how they lead their lives and with this mental object is criminal responsibility. Those of which who lack capacity (e.g. children and the mentally disordered) are not culpable in the eyes of the law and may be treated dissimilarly. It is therefore prize that criminal behaviour is not just a choice but may be about social circumstances to which they have minimal control. Social Workers should assist in allowing individuals to improve their capacity for making choices together with consequences to their actions (ADSW, 1996a).Although Social Workers are obliged to protect the rights and interests of service users there is a belief amongst the general public that they have forfeited these rights when they have offended. All Criminal Justice agencies must comply with the Human Rights Act 1988 which incorporates into domestic law the fundamental rights set out in the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR). Public Authorities are required to respect all of the provisions however, the two articles with particular relevancy to Criminal Law and Social Work are the right to emancipation and security (Article 5. ECHR) and the right to a fair trial (Article 6, ECHR). However, the state can impose restrictions on those who breach criminal law or are a threat to public safety as long as the detention is authoritative by law and there is a balance between the individual, their victims and the general public. The Social Worker must assess this balance through rigorous assessment and analysis of danger. The Social Work role requires respect to offenders as individuals and ensure that the offenders ability and right to function as a member of society is not impaired to a greater extent than is necessary in the interests of justice (ADSW, 1996a).Criminal Justice Social Work services are delivered in alliance with various statutory and non-statutory agencies and this can present challenges due to conflicting professional values and aims. The Management of Offenders etc. (Scotland) Act 2005 was introduced to improve joint working and prepare the management of offenders especially in the transition from custody to community supervision and places a duty on Criminal Justice Authorities (CJAs) to have an information sharing process in order that relevant information is shared between agencies (s.3 (5)(g)) for improving offender and find management. However, sensitive personal information must be handled carefully and be under the principles of the Data Protection Act 1988 and local agency protocols. Practitioners within Social Work must ensure that any information sharing decisions are fully explained and understood by the offender even when their consent to disclosure is not required.Organisations who deliver public services have general duties to eliminate unlawful discrimination and promote equality of opportunity on the grounds of race (Race Relations (Amendment) Act 2000), sex (Equality Act 2006), and deterioration (Disability Discrimination Act 2005). Individuals who are involved with Criminal Justice organisations are entitled to the protection of discrimination laws which relate to sex, race, disability, religious beliefs and sexual orientation, with exception to exercise judicial functions or carrying out Court orders. In these circumstances it may be within Article 14 of the ECHR which prevents to the right to liberty and security of the individual or the right to a fair trial being interfered with on a wide range of discriminatory grounds. Criminal Justice is still influenced by prejudicial and discriminatory views.Research has been carried out by both the Social Work and Prisons Inspectorate for Scotland (1998) which highlighted concerns about the treatment of female offenders in the Criminal Justice process. In addition to this, several inquiries in England and Wales in relation to racial discrimination by the police and prison services has subsequently raised public awareness (Macpherson, 1999 Keith, 2006). The Scottish Government has a duty to publish information of discrimination of any unlawful grounds (s.306 (1)(b) Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995) and therefore, all workers need to practice in an anti-discriminatory way.The law outlines the limits of Social Work intervention and knowledge of the law is essential to anti-oppressive practice. The only legitimacy for intervening in the life of the individual within the criminal justice process is the individuals offending behaviourif individuals have social needs which require to be met but are not crime related or crime producing, or if the offensive is not sufficiently serious to fall within the criteria of the twin-track appr oach, services should be offered, as far as possible, through voluntary provisionNo-one should be drawn into the criminal justice processes in order to receive social work help (Moore and Whyte, 1998, p.24).Rehabilitative intervention is not just about helping it imposes limitations on the rights of the individual who is subject to the intervention. Risk assessment and offence based practice is an ethical approach. It aims to ensure that the most intensive and potentially most intrusive services are focused on those service users who pose the greatest risk of causing harm to others (ADSW, 2003) and to prevent socially disadvantaged individuals being taken further into criminal justice control which can result in further social exclusion.Criminal Justice Social Workers must take note that the role involves work with disadvantaged social groups. Certain types of crimes and offenders often criminalise the young, deprived, unemployed and undereducated male with an love of the care syst em and this is clear from Social Work and prison statistics (Croall, 2005 McAra and McVie, 2005). There is often a complex relationship between social exclusion and offending behaviour and often the Criminal Justice process displays existing injustices within society. It is important that issues in relation to class, age and social context should be treasure together with vulnerability to discrimination.The Social Workers role should be to address issues of social exclusion and empower individuals to lead law abiding lives by addressing their offending behaviour. Social Work can help offenders develop capacity to make informed choices by actively encouraging their participation in the supervision/change process and their engagement with improving their current social situation (McCulloch, 2005 McNeill, 2004). Assisting offenders to focus on their strengths as opposed to their risk and needs can have a positive impact as they learn to recognise the value in their own lives and respe cting the value of others.The sentencing stage in the criminal justice process generates the majority of Criminal Justice Social Work through provision of information to the Court in the form of Social Enquiry Reports (SERs) and the administration of community disposals, with the exception of liberty orders (tagging). SERs have no legal basis but there is a statutory duty on criminal justice social work to provide reports to the Court for disposal of a case (s.27(1)(a) SWSA 1968. Reports provide the court with the information and advice they need in deciding on the most appropriate way to fill out with offenders. They include information and advice about the feasibility of community based disposals, particularly those involving local authority supervision. In the case of every offender under 21 and any offender facing custody for the first time, the court must obtain information and advice about whether a community based disposal is acquirable and appropriate. In the event of cust ody, the court requires advice about the possible need for a Supervised Release order or Extended Sentence Supervision on release. (Scottish Executive, 2004d, para. 1.5)The Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995 sets out when the court can or must obtain an SER. Failure to request a report, where required by law, can result in a sentence being quashed on appeal. The Court is not obliged to follow recommendations or opinions in the SER however, Social workers can have a direct influence on the sentence passed.Preparing SERs demands a high standard of professional practice. It requires skilled interviewing, the ability to collect and assess information from different sources, and the art of writing a report which is dependable, constructive, impartial and brief (Social Work Services Inspectorate (SWSI), 1996, Foreword).The law imposes time limits in compiling reports. The Courts require a report within three weeks (s.201(3) (a) if an offender is remanded in custody and within four wee ks if the offender is on bail (s.21(3)(b) of the 1995 Act). This means in practice that there are increased demands on a workers time that places increased pressure in the preparation of SERs especially if there are high numbers of worker absence seizure due to leave or whether the worker knows the offender and their individual circumstances. Whilst conducting interviews the worker must ensure that the offender understands the purpose of the report, the relevance of questions (health, addiction issues, and personal relationships) and the limits to confidentiality of this information. Social workers must balance between an informed recommendation and an awareness of the severity of the offence. The report author should be impartial and not minimise the seriousness of the offence and its impact (NOS, Scottish Executive, 2004d, para 5.5) and phrases that imply moral judgements, label or stereotype offenders should not be used (para. 5.1).When compiling an SER workers are required to co nsider the suitability of disposals in relation to the risk posed by an offender and to target appropriate resources which are most appropriate and successful in addressing offending behaviour. Guidelines for the assessment and management of risk are outlined in the Management and Assessment of Risk in Social Work Services (SWSI, 2000) and there are also additional risk assessment frameworks which specifically relate to serious violent and sex offenders. In Criminal Justice the focus has moved from risk of custody to risk of reoffending and risk of harm. Risk assessment is complex and there has been a shift from concern for the offender and their needs to concern about public safety and the offender being a potential source of risk to others. Although the legislation is not explicit about offending behaviour, National Standards state that SERs should provide information and advice which will help the Court decide the available sentencing optionsby assessing the risk of reoffending, andthe possible harm to others. This requires an investigation of offending behaviour and of the offenders circumstances, attitudes and motivation to change (Scottish Executive, 2004d, 1.6).Risk is defined by Kemshall (1996) as the probability of a future negative or harmful event and assessment of risk includes the likliehood of an event occurring, who is likely to be at risk, the nature of the harm which they might be exposed and the impact and consequences of the harmful event.Risk assessment has changed over the years and prior to the origin of risk assessment peckers workers relied on clinical methods or professional judgement which was based on an offenders history. These methods were criticised for being too subjective, inaccurate, open to worker bias and leechlike on information given by the offender. In the 1990s workers moved towards objective and empirically based risk assessment tools (actuarial) to support their assessment. Actuarial risk assessment tools rely on st atic (historical) risk factors together with dynamic (criminogenic) risk factors and to assess the risk of reoffending.The static factors (which cannot change) take into account gender, age at first conviction, number of previous offences and custodial experiences, school progress, previous employment and personal history. The criminogenic factors (focus on current neighborhoods) include current employment, personal relationships, peer associates, use of time, substance use, mental health and attitudes and behaviour. All of these factors impact on the risk of reoffending (Bonta, 1996). The most widely used assessment tool, The Level of Service Inventory rewrite (LSI-R) devised by Andrews and Bonta (1995) incorporates both static and dynamic factors. However, it does not assess risk of harm and this shows that both actuarial and clinical risk assessments are crucial for an effective and comprehensive risk assessment. Clinical methods combine knowledge of the offenders personality, habits lifestyle and an analysis of the circumstances of the offending behaviour and are therefore, the most appropriate assessment tool at identifying those who are likely to cause serious harm. Although more time consuming and require more in-depth analysis of both the offender and the offence risk is assessed on predispositions, motivation towards certain behaviours and triggers that may tot up to harmful behaviour.Actuarial tools are not totally accurate (Kemshall, 1996) and although this is improved upon through use of clinical methods in decision making, professional judgement is also crucial. Social workers must be aware that social disadvantage plays a part and this can contribute to a higher assessment of risk and need and to be cautious about the total reliability of these factors when making recommendations that may affect an offenders liberty.Risk assessment and intervention or supervision should be informed by valid, reliable and ongoing assessment and Social Workers should familiarise themselves with research emerging in this area and the many assessment tools and change courses available (Levy et.al., 2002).To support change Social Workers have to not just think about what work is done with the offender but how that work is done. Offenders under supervision have very high levels of need. Moreover, although most offenders have many needs in common, there are also significant variations that necessitate the thoughtful tailoring of individual interventions if the effectiveness of practice is to be maximised. In delivering effective practice, the accumulated weight of evidencedrives us towards acknowledgement that practice skills in general and relationship skills in particular are at least as critical in reducing re-offending as programme content (McNeill et al., 2005, p.5). This recent review of core skills required for effective Criminal Justice Social Work practice raises challenges in practising ethically and effectively but when applied cr itically and reflectively this could achieve positive outcomes that are in the interest of the public, victims and offenders.Although the law is crucial in framing Social Work practice in the Criminal Justice process it is equally important that Social Work skills and values are central to effective interventions as the role is both demanding and rewarding. Crime has become increasingly prominent both in the public and political agenda and therefore, Social Work has become more prominent and complex. Social Workers have a professional responsibility towards victims, the Court, community and offenders. To fulfil this role effectively, Social Workers must have a clear, confident understanding of their role, the legislative and policy context and a commitment to increasing and developing knowledge, skills and values required for effective and ethical practice.

The black sox scandal of 1919

The black sox scandal of 1919IntroductionDuring the First sphere War, gambling was rampant in the United States and bewildering spicys was either assumed as harmless or tolerated. The worse was to come during the post-war period. With the closure of horse tracks, the bettors and all their accomplices shifted to their local baseball pitches where they skillful the dirty game. They cunningly spread rumors of fixes and/or injuries in a bid to move the odds in unrivaled way or the other (Zumsteg 182). The hellhole operations between gamblers and other dubious characters with teams, players and funs facilitated the fix of a 1919 land series Championship. Little known Cincinnati Red Stockings emerged victorious over the indomitable lucre exsanguinous Sox because the latter threw the game for the want of m unrivaledy. This paper looks at the background of the scandal, how stinginess the morose Sox thickening led his players to party with gamblers. The figures behind the scum are a withal mentioned to apprehendher with the role they played to make it a success. interior(a) Commissions discharge of the eight conspirators from the game for life is one of the devastating consequences of the scandal. Lastly, it briefly looks at the compose of Joe capital of Mississippi and Eddie Cicotte.The Background of the ScandalThe premier ever military man series baseball game was played in the year 1903. Prior to that, a Mr. William C. temple in a bid to popularize baseball offered a championship trophy to the winner and the first runners-up of the National League in the 1894 best-of-seven-game series. In 1901, the American League was established a move that surprised the insiders of the National League. A cold war ensued between the ii teams where each league competed amongst its own members. Eventually, a deal was made two years later called the National Agreement. This deal other than outlining baseballs employment, salary and travel packages, it produced a blu eprint that merged the two into a major league which has been in place up to today (Baseball Almanac para. 4).In the 1903 World Series that preceded the deal, Pittsburgh (from the defunct National League) was competing with capital of Massachusetts (from the defunct American League). Both teams were topping their erst part leagues and were to measure the prowess of the each other under one umbrella. This debut attracted the interest of the American folk music and from then(prenominal) henceforth, the attendance of professionally played baseball games soared more so in the post-World War I period. Following this growing interest on the game, the 1919 World Series was anticipated with baited breaths and considering that the season had recorded huge attendance, one is left to imagine for ones self the anxiety that was rife (Meyer para. 2).Most funs of baseball games got involved in gambling close the outcome of a game and great games attracted professional gamblers. At this time, th e post-war depression was setting in hence public despondence about the economy. Racial tensions were high, and people generally were in a pandemonium mood. It therefore came as no surprise that the players of the Chicago White Sox, also known as the Black Sox, fell prey to the traps of arch-gamblers of the time in persons of William Thomas (a.k.a. Sleepy Bill), Billy Maharg, and Billy Burns (Meyer para. 3).The Die Is CastAs has been mentioned above, the 1919 World Series charged the atmosphere before the actual game. The two teams to compete were the Chicago White Sox and the Cincinnati Red Stockings. Two years ago the Chicago White Sox had emerged the winners of 1917 World Series in fact they had won 8 out of the last 9 World Series. That very year on September 24th they had clenched the pennant and hence were slated to be the likely winners of the years World Series. Therefore people were betting on the loss of Cincinnati Red Stockings. This scenario was fertile for the operatio ns of the tricky gamblers. Knowing that almost everyone was touting for the Chicago White Soxs win, reversing their position against the multitude would attract more money but some underdog deal had to be done to get the money.The internal dissension that characterized the Chicago White Sox players partly contributed to their vulnerability to the gamblers. First, among the players themselves there were two factions one for the better-schooled members and the other for the unknowledgeable members. Secondly there was a unvaried resentment towards the federation president Charles Comiskey. He was tell to be underpaying his players making Chicago White Sox the poorly paying team in that period. In fact, it is said that the team acquired the name Black Sox when they continuously played with filthy jerseys after Comiskey had refused to bill their laundry instead he asked each player to bill his. visual perception that his order was turned down, he resorted to slicing a fraction of ea ch players salary to bill the laundry. However, no study has yet substantiated this claim. Again it was said that he used to make promises of monetary value to his players but in the long run he either reneged or shortchanged the player(s). Eddie Cicotte, pitcher, for example was to be awarded a bounty of roughly US$ 10,000 upon winning thirty games. Cicotte had won his twenty-ninth game and was then posed for his thirtieth win but was deliberately benched by his boss to avoid awarding the bonus (Weiler 36).Perhaps the gamblers might have known the frustration that was sickening the players. It argued that one member of the squad by the name Arnold Gandil (a.k.a. Chick) the first baseman who was known to have a protracted clandestine relationship with the gangsters was approached with the offer. Together with his colleague Cicotte they endorsed the deal and sort for more recruits since fixing a game of that category could not just be fixed by two players. Here it can be inferred that Gandils dubious reputation might have led him to pass judgment the deal but Cicotte was out for a revenge against his boss who cunningly denied him his bonus. Because they were offered US$ 100,000 to divide among themselves this was an opportunity to make an extra dollar. The duo drawn from the illiterate faction of the team went fishing for willing conspirators from among their group. Pitcher Claude Williams (a.k.a. Lefty), shortstop Charles Risberg (a.k.a. Swede), and outfielder Oscar Felsch (a.k.a. Happy) were recruited. further infielder Fred McMullin forced himself into the group after he had secretly learned about it. He demanded that unless he was allowed in, he would report. An strain to enlist Buck Weaver, the third baseman was futile for he refused outright to be a part of the complicity. The meshing of Joe Jackson, the star outfielder, in the conspiracy has been disputed ever since the scandal came to be known. Some sources say that being illiterate Jackson part icipated in the deal with little knowledge of its repercussions, composition others say that he received threats from some team members, yet some maintain that he did not participate at all (Albert, Bennett Cochran 84). It is said that Joe Jackson was included in the plot so as to give credibility to the gamblers that the deal was sealed. Being one of the greatest hitters in the game, his presence was very indispensable for it spelt success to the conspirators.In first game, Eddie Cicotte beam as the first batter of the game thereby sending signals to the other conspirators that the fix was on. As one would expect, the Chicago White Sox lose 9-1 in quite a suspicious manner. The following day still there was no improvement not yet in the scores but also in the fashion in which they were playing and for this reason the team lost 4-2 to the Cincinnati Red Stockings. However in racy 3 there was a hitch occurred that pushed the White Sox to the top. A player of modest dexterity by the name Dickey Kerr, a member of the White Sox squad drew the start of the game. Unaware of the fix, the strong lefthander player ignored the calls by his scandalous team mates to roll over, instead he threw a three hit 3-0 that saved the White Sox from getting out of the race (Baseball Almanac para. 2).The turn of events made the Cincinnati Red Stocking players to intensify their submerging and focus. Having no idea that the game was being thrown, they pitched back-to-back shutouts during the fourth and the fifth games. Jimmy Ring steered them into winning the fourth game by 2-0 while Hod Ellers (5-0) ensured that the fifth game was taken by the Reds. Ordinarily the series would have ended at that point with the Reds win. But the commissioner of baseball extended it to a best-of-nine competition arguing that the intense following of the series during the postwar warranted more games for the entertainment of funs (Baseball Almanac para. 3). The following two games were won by the White Sox (5-4 and 4-1) arguably because they wanted to contain more suspicion. Real drama was experienced in the final game where the Cincinnati Red Stockings literally dominated the game. The White Sox players who were complicity resolved to allow them loose, throwing the game to the opponent at 10 to 1 (Meyer para. 7). The Cincinnati had been aided to win their first ever World Championship in their debut into the series.After the game had been lost as expected the money was to be shared among the participants. The principal plotters reaped a good sum Gandil received US$ 35,000 Risberg got US$ 15,000 and Cicotte US$10,000. Others were given quite a raw deal Williams Jackson, McMullin and Felsch each got US$ 5,000. Gandil who was the ring leader refused to divide the spoils to Weaver arguing that he had failed to support the others in facilitating the fix (Chermak Bailey 9). Lefty Williams was sent with an envelop containing US$ 5,000 to give to Shoeless Jackson who turned it down. Rather than keeping the money, Williams threw it on the ground and left. The following day, Jackson resolved to go and see his boss Comiskey with the money. Unfortunately for him, Mr. Comiskey was not in his office but his assistant Mr. Harry Grabiner was. He showed the money to Grabiner explaining its origin. Perhaps this was how the saga reached Charles Comiskey (Meyer para. 10).Trial and forbidding of the ConspiratorsFollowing the increased cases of gambling in baseball, the National Commission chairman talked Judge Charles McDonald into convening a grand jury in Cook County, Illinois to examine the matter though the real intention was to look into the 1919 World Series. In September 22nd, 1920, the grand jury convened and players from the major league who had heard of the fix testified against the Black Sox players of the previous series. Eddie Cicotte broke the ice by confessing his guilt to Comiskeys attorney Alfred Austrian. Shoeless Jackson and Williams also followe d suit and confessed. Those involved were revealed and Comiskey suspend them as a closure of the overwhelming evidence and implications. Ultimately, the grand jury indicted the eight players for conspiring to injure the business of Comiskey as well as to defraud the public (Chermak Bailey 9).The baseball governing proboscis was dealt a blow by these confessions and indictments. They were forced to do something and save the image of the game. In the public eye, they had failed to contain evil gamblers and dubious players from ruining baseball. In an attempt to save its face, the then incumbent chairman resigned and Kenesaw M. Landis, a Federal Judge was appointed. The criminal trial was made against the eight players but the jury acquitted then arguing that no evidence had been put forward that they attempted to defraud the public. Despite of this finding of fact, Landis taboo the eight from playing baseball for life. He arguedRegardless of the verdict of juries, no player that throws a ball game, no player that entertains proposals or promises to throw a game, no player that sits in a conference with a bunch of asymmetric players and gamblers where the ways and means of throwing games are discussed, and does not promptly tell his club about it, will ever play professional baseball (Baseball Almanac para. 3).In deed the eight players did not participate in any competitive baseball game until their deaths. Weaver was also banned because although he had not participated he knew of the plot but failed to report it.Shoeless Joe JacksonHe was one of the best hitters the game had ever had. As has been said, his involvement in the scandal is controversial. In fact, Walter Johnson who was once a Washington pitcher confessed that he considered Joe Jackson the greatest natural baseball player. His credibility had not been corrupt before and the gusto and talent with which he was playing his position endeared him to a lot of funs. During the 1919 World Series again st the Cincinnati Reds, his performance did not raise suspicion for he is the one who the single score that Black Sox had in the last game with the Reds. In the series he is said to have batted .375 .71 points above his previous World Series in which he had 12 hits breaking the World Series record, hitting the only homerun in the entire World Series (Meyer para 8).But his confessions to the grand jury of his corporation in the scandal as well as the envelop that he showed to Mr. Grabiner prove beyond a reasonable precariousness that he was a complicity, however passive. For this reason he could not be immune from Landis ban and therefore had to live the rest of his life after the accident without playing his favorite game.Eddie CicotteHe was the assistant of Gandil in the Chicago White Sox squad and one of the arch-plotters of the scandal. It is said that after the First World War the club was flourishing yet players were being underpaid. The manager William (a.k.a. Kid) tried to appeal to the owner Comiskey for the players financial relief but he refused. Comiskeys coldness particularly infuriated Cicotte who was one of the best performers (Broeg 64).Gandil heavily influenced Cicottes participation in the scandal that would ruin his career for the rest of his life. He gave in to the idea if he would get US$ 10, 000. legion(predicate) historians contend that his intentions were secondary to the money but primary to a revenge on his boss Comiskey who had denied him the bonus. As a matter of fact, he was the one who open up the first game by batting out 9-1, and deliberately lost the fourth game 2-0 by committing two errors in a single inning. In the seventh game, he was probably a little disturbed by his conscience and as such had a double-cross along the line and won, 4-1 (Broeg 64).Eddie Cicotte was the player who confessed his participation in the scandal making others to follow suit. After the ban, he moved to Detroit Michigan to become a game warden a nd a security guard at a Ford assembly plant till his retirement (Broeg 65).ConclusionThe Black Sox Scandal shook the entire fabric of baseball fraternity. Changes that were made to the National Commission leadership immediately after the discovery of the scum endeavored to redeem the reputation and the professionalism of the sport. The eight players that orchestrated it were the major casualties of the radical change that followed. The aim of the ban was a signal not only to players of baseball but also to those in other games that the sporting world requires persons of integrity and would ruthlessly deal with crooked ones.The scandal completely changed the image of the Chicago White Sox and they had to wait for forty years before winning another World Series. The performance became so grisly that fans started claiming that the team was jinxed by the scandal. World Series of the year 2005 was the last one they won in the recent history.Works CitedBaseball Almanac. World Series His tory. Retrieved on April 7, 2010 from Albert Jim, Bennett Jay, Cochran James. Anthology of statistics in sports 2005, Cambridge University Press, London.Broeg, Bob. Eddie Cicotte Paid His Debt in Full Baseball Digest August 1969, 28 (7), pp. 64.Chermak, Steven Bailey, Frankie. Crimes and Trials of the Century From the Black Sox Scandal to the Attica prison riots 2007, Greenwood Publishing Group, innovative York.Meyer, Jake. The Black Sox Scandal, n.d. Retrieved on April 7, 2010 from Weiler, Paul. Leveling the Playing Field How the Law Can Make Sports Better for Fans, 2001, Harvard University Press, New York.Zumsteg, Derek. The Cheaters Guide to Baseball 2007, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, New York.

explain ho wchristians put these ideas into practice :: essays research papers

Believing in military serviceing and assisting less privileged people than ourselves is peerless thing but putting these beliefs into practice is another. Many people often have these ideas of how they may be able to help people but a lot of them never actually do it and at the most may put five pounds into a collection tin. There are many things that stern be done where you can personally help and experience the cause you are helping.Go, sell everything you have and give to the poor and you will have measure in heaven this quote represents the most basic thing people do for charity giving to charity. Most people do this but not to the lengths this quote encourages people to do. People nowadays would not be willing enough to give up all their possessions to help the poor. There are a few exceptions. People like St Mother Teresa gave up everything and went and lived in poverty with the sick and the poor to teach them about the bible and to teach them English, maths and skills to embossment the hardship on their lives.Another very basic thing people do where available is buy true(p) trade products. A lot of the cartridge holder farmers are unable to break even in their farming so they spend more money on the actual farming as they rush in return for their products. Because of this, people often die drawn into the cycle of poverty.There are hundreds of fair trade products available. For example you can buy fair trade chocolate which is often a lot nicer than unfair trade chocolate from a producer like Nestle who are being investigated for back up exploitation of the poor in LEDCs. Overall fair Trade is not about charity. Its about paying a fair price for the products that we use, eat and wear. It ensures that you get top quality goods and the people who produce them get paid fairly. Its a practical solution to many of the problems that keep the worlds poorest people in poor.One of the more involving activities people do to help the poor and less fortun ate is to go and be an aid worker in another country. Either to go and help as a medical worker or as one who delivers aid to the needy and helps to teach new skills to help people in life. be restored the sick, raise the dead, cleanse those who have leprosy and drive out demons.

Summary and Analysis of The Man of Laws Tale Essay -- The Canterbury

Summary and Analysis of The Man of Laws write upFragment IIThe Words of the Host to the Company and Prologue to the Man of Laws Tale The host speaks to the rest of the travelers, telling them that they can regain lost property but not lost time. The host suggests that the attorney tell the next tale, and he agrees to do so, for he does not intend to break his promises. He says that we ought to keep the laws we give to others. He even refers to Chaucer, who works ignorantly and writes poorly, but at the actually least does not write filthy tales of incest. The Man of Law tells the company that he will tell a tale by Chaucer called the tale of Cupids Saints. The lawyer prepares for the tale he will tell about poverty, and does so in a pretentious and formal manner. AnalysisIn the prologue to the Man of Laws Tale, Chaucer once once again plays with the divergence between the actual author and the narrator of each tale with the lawyers critical reference to Chaucer, as if he were not the actual architect of the tales words. The lawyers followup of Chaucer is playful, niggling more than a sarcastic jibe at Chaucers own abilities and a critique of Chaucers contemporaries not meant to be taken seriously. In fact, little that the lawyer says is momentous or significant. Chaucer portrays the lawyer as pompous and formal, addressing the motley crowd as if he were speaking to the court. The Man of Laws Tale, Part OneIn Syria there dwelt a company of wealthy traders who made a journey to Rome. After a certain time there, they beheld Constance, the emperors daughter, who was renowned equally for her goodness and beauty. When the merchants returned to Syria, they report to the sultan what they had seen he immediately ... ... Constance survives and remains devoted to her credence. She is thus comparable to biblical characters such as Jonah and Job. Her final reward for her steadfast faith comes when she reunites with both her father and her husband upon her final ret urn to Rome. Even in the fate of Maurice is the influence of Christianity felt. He becomes emperor of Rome only when the pope gives his assent. epilog to the Man of Laws TaleThe Host praised the Lawyer for his tale, and urged the Parish Priest to tell a tale. The Parson chides the Host for swearing, and he in turn mocks the Parson as a Jankin (a contemptuous name for a priest). The Shipman decides that he will tell a tale next. In the fragments that remain of the Canterbury Tales, however, the Shipmans Tale exists later in the manuscripts, in the one-seventh set of stories. The Wife of Baths Tale follows instead.