Descartes Essay Essay

None of the proposed philosophical speculations is accurate, not so much as a mix of at least two hypotheses (Sayre, 2011). In any case, Descartes has remarkable method of magical contention concerning presence of God. Descartes’ Discourse on the Method (Part IV) closes shockingly with a case of God’s presence, which can be concluded from the interrelationship between psyche, soul and our reality. Descartes started the fourth area by talking about himself. The perusing up to where he offers credit to a preeminent being, God, could just recommend that Descartes was examining about his philosophical idea about his being as a man. Be that as it may, the talk turn came when he derived, â€Å"something for sure having each flawlessness of which I could have any thought, that isâ€to account for myself in one wordâ€by God† (Bennett, 2007, p. 16). After this deduction, the talk changed to one that examined the presence of God. It was now that it turned out to be certain that the completion would be a greater amount of God’s presence as opposed to a decision of Descartes as an individual. The difference in talk from investigation of self to a proof of God’s presence through close to home assessment was surely a brilliant idea. The greater part of the occasions we attempt to demonstrate presence of God or deficiency in that department by assessing what are outside us. In any case, Descartes made a self-assessment on inborn estimations of himself as an individual. By deconstructing his qualities and constraints, he had the option to understand a reasonable decision about the presence of an incomparable being, which we allude to as God. Consequently, the closure was extraordinary however offered a compact end on God’s presence regardless of beginning an alternate talk. References Bennett, J. (2007). Talk on the Method of Rightly Conducting one’s Reason and Seeking Truth in the Sciences. Recovered from http://www. earlymoderntexts. com/pdf/descdisc. pdf Sayre, H. (2011). The Humanities Culture, Continuity, and Change: New York: Pearson College Div.

Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Life account of Benjamin Franklin - Essay Example His stepmother brought forth seven youngsters, three in Ecton and four after they had moved to Boston. Be that as it may, after the death of his mom, his polygamous dad wedded a subsequent spouse, Abiah Folger, who bore ten youngsters, carrying the complete number of kin to seventeen. This was when America was a province of Great Britain. Because of the servile destitution that had desolated the British states during this time, and remembering the numerous kin in the family, Benjamin went to Boston Latin school, a pastorate school for two or three years and had to end his investigations rashly because of absence of cash. In opposition to this, his energy for securing of more information, similar to every one of his siblings, developed constantly because of enthusiasm for books and the enthusiasm for composing. Despite the fact that his dad had been against it from the beginning, he at long last gave path subsequent to understanding his son’s undying eagerness for composing and the cost of school training, (Woodworth, 1). He at long last took him to a school for composing and number-crunching where he truly exceeded expectations in the previous. Acknowledging he was unable to advance his children training, his dad consumed him into his fat chandler business recently gained calling in New England. This honed his direction abilities particularly when they went to invasions with the young men in the ocean. His enthusiasm for perusing developed constantly. All minimal expenditure he got was gone through on books with a portion of his first assortments being John Bunyan's Pilgrims Progress and R. Burton's Historical Collections.(Woodworth, 3) The origin of a printing business by his sibling James on his arrival to England further presented him to an assortment of books. He was made his student and through this, he made numerous associates like Mathew Adams, an ingenious representative, who presented him to assortment of books in his library assortments, signif icantly verse. His composing aptitudes improved tremendously for instance when he composed his first verse of The Lighthouse Tragedy .This was additionally upgraded by obtaining of the book, Spectator and the commencement of his siblings first paper, New England Courant, which he subtly added to under the mask of Mrs. Quietness Do-great. These articles pulled in a great deal of exposure around and he in the end broke ties with his sibling after he found the well known journalist was his sibling (Woodworth, 3) His excursion to Philadelphia saw him work in various printing shops where he sustained beginning his own printing firm. With help from Sir William Keith, the then Pennsylvania senator, to make a trip to London to get printing gear, he would later set up the idea as shameful of thought (Woodworth, 21). Be that as it may, he made a few colleagues like Charles Osborne, Joseph Watson, and James Ralph, all admirers of perusing (Woodworth, 69). With the nonattendance of pending poss ibilities, Ben returned to Philadelphia and set up, along with different wannabes and tradesmen, a gathering called Junto with the respectable goal of bettering their locale. This was done through amazing thoughts that prompted working of the library organization of Philadelphia (Woodworth, 188). The pooling of enough assets from the junta bunch saw him start his life of political lobbyism. Along with his confided in partner, Hugh Meredith, they built up their first printing house in Pennsylvania. This prompted the distribution of their first paper, the Pennsylvania Gazette. Through his perseverance and unremitting fixation for opportunity

A Heartbreaking Lunch of Staggering Genius

A Heartbreaking Lunch of Staggering Genius Three days of Manhattan ended on Monday afternoon beneath a dripping tarp in the dregs of Chinatown, torrents of rain flushing from the sky and breaking like bones on the trash-encrusted sidewalk. Jess Lin and I waited for the bus from NYC to Boston in a cramped doorway whose grimy sides I avoided lest I get salmonella poisoning, or cancer, or, worse still, a slathering of MSG. Weve skillfully missed two buses already. Weve bought cursory custard buns and huddled in a cafeteria-style bakery under a raucous downpour of Cantonese vernacular. Weve regretfully purchased a bag of dried squid meat from a pungent Chinese grocery dig that sold at least five (5!) distinct brands of dried squid meat. By “we” in the last sentence, I mean “Yan, who privately enjoys the briny gristle of dehydrated squid flesh.” Twixt bus stop to the East and hot dog stand to the West, as the ungentle rain smashed into flooded streets and scoured my shoes to black polished submarines, I suffered a J.D. Salinger moment. A sigh sprouted like a mushroom in my lung. “Dangit Jess, were getting old.” You probably could have strung a jade necklace from the jadedness of my tonal inflection. Jess disagreed, unbitingly. I cant blame her much; Jess and I have weathered hundreds of tiny, inane conversations over the trickling course of our road trip, mostly inspired by the one of us that is not Jess Lin. We have discussed neckties and Israel. We have talked about buying grapes and running shoes. We have argued over street directions, and I have bet my left kidney on the infallibility of my internal compass. Did you know that Jess Lin now owns one of my kidneys? Somewhere along the way, in the midst of dispossessing my own kidney and grapethirsting for ripe green unwashed street fruit and watching rain flinging against skyscrapers, I became irreversibly disillusioned by a formula of two parts character-building and one part gastronomical splurge. Everyone knows that character-building stories are for bloggers who secretly want to be Charles Dickens on the weekend so Ill skip right ahead to exfoliating the gastronomical splurge/disillusionment causality. My Manhattan bildungsroman can be nutshelled in a single hyphenated proper noun: Jean-Georges. Jean-Georges is to French cuisine as Citizen Kane is to American cinema: the darling of unsparing critics, the jaw-dropping-mouth-watering masterpiece whose glowing accolades could light a small city after sunset. One of seven Michelin three-star restaurants in the U.S., one of five New York Times four-star restaurants, and probably the only restaurant ever whose menu includes the words “gewurtztraminer” and “garbanzo beans” in the same line, Jean-Georges towers at a dizzying altitude near the pinnacle of haute cuisine. Its so haute, its practically radioactive. At skin depth, Jean-Georges is the type of celebrity-festooned establishment in Uptown Manhattan that pampers to the effete relaxations of the rich and powerful and occasionally hungry. This is grossly ignoring the simple truth that chef Jean-Georges Vongerichten is this awesome guy who squeezes every last drop of eyewatering deliciousness from everything he touches. The result is heartbreak served on a gold-monogrammed platter worth more than your first car. Your tongue develops emotional separation issues of its own as each unforgettable unregrettable morsel departs into the deep, dark tunnels of your digestive system without a goodbye. You walk out of the restaurant in need of a therapist. [Lets pause a moment here to appreciate the democratizing effects of the Internet. In another century, the marble-framed double-glass doors of Jean-Georges would have flexed their hinges for nary a backpack-hauling plebe such as myself. Fortunately, we now live in an enlightened age in which bloggers and YouTubers and Internet mavens are rightfully respected for their brainwashing influence on cultural taste. Its no surprise then that anyone with a computer (and a monitor, and a keyboard, and a mouse, and a . . . you get the idea) can score an online reservation for Jean-Georges and expect to be served a perfectly-orchestrated, world-class meal in the same room as patrons whose socioeconomic class hovers somewhere in the upper stratosphere (as long as said patron doesnt show up in jeans. Jean-Georges is not amused by jeans.)] Case in point: When away from campus on vacation, I turn into a crumbly juxtaposition of stereotypical starving MIT student and crazed gourmande. On Monday morning, I woke up on a friendly couch in New Jersey, pulled myself into uniformly wrinkled semiformal attire, tripped down the block to the nearest grocery store (which only took cash and only identified fruits/vegetables in Spanish), purchased and drank half a box of Vitasoy for breakfast, grabbed Jess Lin, jumped on a bus for lunch at Jean-Georges at noon, got stuck in traffic under the Hudson, grudgingly bought a subway ticket at 11:55 AM, panicked after a glimpse clockward, bolted out into Columbus Circle at 12:03 PM, ran in the wrong direction, ran back, turned around, located 1 Central Park Ave., accidentally walked into the hotel next door, was kindly redirected by a bellboy, skidded three doors down and crashed into the calm, courteous glance of a well-trained receptionist who hardly flinched as she arched an eyebrow and politely intoned, “Reservation?” Jess and I were seated with overbearing assistance by the waiter, who insisted on pulling both of our beige plush leather chairs out one micrometer at a time. I swear, he would start to nudge my chair back at a glacial pace, I would imperceptibly bend my knees in anticipation of assuming the final sedentary position, and then he would start to pull the chair again, to which I would respond by instinctively jerking upwards lest I hinder the delicate progress of his chair-moving. Anyway, eventually I sat. I still cant decide whether the literary territory of Jean-Georges seasonal lunch menu is closer to high-end bathroom-reading material or minimalist avant-garde poetry. Charred corn ravioli? Couscous and cockles? Caper-raisin emulsion? Roasted sweetbreads, pickled peach, wild arugula, and pink peppercorn? Theres at least a dozen unwritten haiku on this page. Not to mention the dessert menu, which deserves showcase in the Museum of Modern Art. A stiff, earthy slice of rye sufficed for the initial ritual of complimentary bread tasting. Jess sipped her $6 lime soda, and I pretended to converse with her while creepily scouring neighboring tables hoping to catch an eyeful of celebrities on lunch break. The zeroth course* was a lively trio of amuse-bouche, each appetizer designed to be swallowed, slurped, or gulped in a single rapturous mouthful. Jean-Georges rendition playfully flirted along the hem of molecular gastronomy. I started with an intensely red cube of compressed watermelon topped with a shiso vinaigrette, which together tasted like the inside of a Los Angelos Mexican produce market. Interesting and stylish. Next was a Chinese soup spoon cradling a poached quail egg topped with bacon, a creamy concoction that lit on the perfect balance between velvety egg and crunchy pork bits. Last was a shot of corn chowder, laced with minty unnamed herbs. *Whatever, it came before the first course. If the nominal convention of starting at zero is good enough for thermodynamics, its good enough for yours truly. Jess and I became instant fans of the quail egg. We tantalized ourselves with the idea of covertly raising quail in the dorm closets and slurping their eggs half-cooked in cereal spoons for breakfast. Course one was young garlic soup with thyme and sauteed frog legs for Jess. With a tip of the proverbial hat to French decadence, I ordered a dessert-like foie gras crv ®me brulee with slow-roasted strawberries. What follows can only be expressed in the present tense. The server gently rests the plate down, announces the name of the dish, and commands, “Enjoy.” I crack the brittle shell of caramelized sugar with the tip of my fork, dig into the velvety goose liver, excavate a buttery caramel-colored forkful of creamy strata, lift it and bite down. I nearly have an aneurysm. “Jess!” I gurgle thickly through a fog of diminishing linguistic ability, “This is the greatest thing I have ever eaten.” My intended speech of unadulterated joy is curtailed because Id rather use my tongue to smother every last molecule of the foie gras in thick warm hugs. Imagine: savory liver, creamy as gelato and rich as butter, dovetailing with tangy morsels of strawberries that peek coquettishly under the smoky crisp of browned sugar. It felt like eating your favorite childhood dessert for breakfast one day and then winning the lottery. Dont ask me to describe it any further than that. So then the server brings Jess a finger-bowl with rose petals to rinse the frog residue off her fingers and Jess starts talking to me about how I was right about Jean-Georges bringing out finger-bowls between courses and I could have my kidney back and so on and so forth and blah blah blah, oh my god that was the best thing I have ever eaten I cant even use a comma right now. And then the server brings Jess her veal with roasted artichokes, parmesan and lavender, and the server is saying something about spoons that I cant hear because Ive lost the ability to decompose sound waves into English because Im narcotically lapsing into a vegetative state as I fantasize about the geese in Central Park and the crv ®me brulee and strawberries that is surely buried inside their livers. And then the server brings out my red snapper crusted with nuts and seeds and drizzled with sweet and sour jus. Its spectacular; the tender flesh under a crust of seeds and spices flakes off beautifully and tastes as fresh as spring herbs sprouting from the salty earth. The sauce is silky-mellow, gracefully balancing subtle notes of butter and bright sweet/sour timbres that sirenously urge me to drench it over every bite of fish. The miniature garden of cherry tomatoes and sweet onions cradling the snapper is ripe and delightful and makes me want to live on a farm in rural France. About 3/4ths of the way through, I discover a strong desire to wash my face in the sauce. Complimentary desserts were a duet of macarons (creme-filled pastries of almond flour and egg whites) and a selection of chocolates, which Jess and I empirically determined to be hazelnut, mint, coconut, and some sort of salty fruit. Everything was outstanding but would have been infinitely better with a slab of goose liver on the side. Jean-Georges will be reading that on my restaurant comment sheet sometime in the near future. Another server-type guy came around with a cart, pulled a roll (?) of homemade marshmallows out of a jar, and cut off four cubes with a large pair of scissors. I felt that these needed some goose liver on top too. Jess and I then bid goodbye to a small chunk of our bank accounts and walked out the door. I took a picture for posterity. Its pretty much the most expressive photograph I have ever created. And thats how it ended- far and away the best meal I have ever had at any restaurant. Two hours later, as I stood quagmired on a dingy Chinatown sidewalk in drenched dress shoes, the dazzle slowly melted into sadness souped with sighs. Even Jess noticed me being all angsty and artistic and disillusioned for no apparent reason. Later, when I could speak coherently again, I told Jess that it was the bitter fact that I would never, ever experience Jean-Georges again for the first time ever. (If this is in fact how I phrased it, Jess was probably stunned by my powers of redundant expression. “Never experience for the first time again.”) Could it be that by dining at the worlds best restaurant, I had ruined countless meals in my future that I could have otherwise savored? Have I accidentally skewed my gastronomical standards to impossible, Everest-scale heights? Will I never reclaim the humble yet overprocessed honesty of my casual relationship with cheap college fare? And then I paused and said to myself, well, theres always bacon salt.

Physical and Psychological Effects of Domestic Violence on...

â€Å"Domestic violence is the leading cause of injury to women in the United States† (Jones 87). Every twelve seconds, a woman is beaten by a man (Jones 6). Every nine days, a woman is murdered by her husband or boyfriend (Jones 7). Statistics like these outline the severity and seriousness of the domestic violence epidemic in this country. Unfortunately, it has taken lawmakers too long to recognize domestic violence as a devastating situation that affects millions of people both physically and emotionally. Domestic violence affects not just people, but businesses as well. Domestic violence results in high turnover and absenteeism at work, extended sick leave, and losses in productivity (Jones 12). The financial cost of†¦show more content†¦This feeling of learned helplessness will further contribute to a depressed state. Women who are physically abused are also often verbally abused. This verbal abuse includes name-calling, making one feel worthless, playin g mind games, and isolation from one’s family and friends. Verbal abuse can be more damaging to a woman’s psychological well-being than physical abuse. Which physical abuse the wounds heal, but psychological abuse is more difficult to overcome. Women in abusive relationships often feel that they are not their own person, and that their life is completely under their boyfriend’s/husband’s control. This results in a woman feeling a loss of power and control over her life, and can lead to further feelings of depression and hopelessness. Suicidal ideation is quite common among women who experience domestic violence (Jones 87). Another psychological disorder that is typically manifested in victims of domestic violence is posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Jones 87). PTSD results from â€Å"exposure to a traumatic event during which one feels fear, helplessness, or horror† (Barlow/Durand 138). It is common for domestic violence victims suffering from PTSD to experience flashbacks and nightmares long after they have removed themselves from the abusive situation. Sometimes one will attempt to avoid the intense feelings associated with PTSD by becomingShow MoreRelatedDomestic Violence And Sexual Violence1411 Words   |  6 PagesThe term domestic violence is defined as the deliberate frightening, sexual and physical assault, or a behavior that is abusive or intolerable to others as a part of the regular sequence of power and the domination executed by one confidant companion to the other. The patterns of domestic violence usually comprise of the sexual violence, abusing the partner emo tionally, psychological assault, and the physical violence. It is dramatic that how the severity and the frequency of the occurrences of theRead MoreDomestic violence INTRODUCTION is the willful intimidation, physical assault, battery, sexual1200 Words   |  5 PagesDomestic violence INTRODUCTION is the willful intimidation, physical assault, battery, sexual assault and/or other abusive behavior perpetuated by an intimate partner against another. National coalition Against Domestic Violence, Domestic Violence Facts (www.ncadv.org/files/domesticviolencefactsheet) Domestic violence is also referred to as intimate partner violence (IPV), Spousal abuse, and Family violence and dating abuse. It occurs all over the world, cutting across all cadres of the societyRead MoreSexual Orientation And Race Domestic Violence1094 Words   |  5 PagesOctober 2014 Domestic Violence October is known for many things such as Breast Cancer Awareness Month and the beginning of fall. The end of October is known for Halloween where children dress up in costumes and knock on doors to receive candy. What many people do not know is that October is also known for being an awareness month for domestic violence. Domestic violence can be categorized into physical, emotional, and psychological violence against not only women but also men. Domestic violence can happenRead MoreAll around the world domestic violence is a threat to all different types of families, including1000 Words   |  4 Pagesworld domestic violence is a threat to all different types of families, including children and adults. â€Å"It is estimated that approximately 3 million incidents of domestic violence are reported each year in the United States† (Feinstein). The most common victims of domestic violence are women, and children. Organizations that offers protection for victims includes: National Network to End Domestic Violence, Survivor Network, and National Council on Child Abuse and Family Violence. Domestic violenceRead MoreEssay Domestic Violence Against Women: A Global Epidemic1021 Words   |  5 Pagesethnic, socio-economic, and religious groups, is Domestic Violence against women. According to the World Health Organization (2007): Domestic violence is a global issue reaching across national boundaries as well as socio- economic, cultural, racial, and class distinctions. This problem is not only widely dispersed geographically, but its incidence is also extensive, making it a typical and accepted behavior. Domestic violence is widespread, deeply ingrained, and has serious impactsRead MoreIntimate Partner Violence And Domestic Violence1098 Words   |  5 PagesIntimate Partner Violence Domestic violence Cheyannica Newson 12/16/2014 â€Æ' What is intimate partner violence? Intimate partner violence is when a partner is physical and sexually abused. Intimate violence can occur among heterosexual or same-sex couples. Twenty seven percent of women and nearly 12% of men in the United States have experienced contact sexual, violence, physical, or stalking by an intimate partner (Prevent Domestic Violence in Your Community, 2014). 85% of women are victims ofRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women1652 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic violence is present in all regions of the world regardless of race, culture, or religion. It is not uncommon for men to experience spousal abuse. However, in reality abuse done by men towards women is a much more common occurrence. Men often abuse women as a result of negative domestic relationships experienced during childhood, the feeling of inadequacy and mental illness. However, the leading cause for this behaviour is the feeling of inferiority and the need to exert power. Stereoty picallyRead MoreIntroduction. This Paper Describes The Headline Findings1409 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION This paper describes the headline findings from Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW) on the extent of, and trends in, domestic abuse among the black women in the United Kingdom aged 18 to 45, who are the resident in households of England and Wales. Domestic abuse includes a number of various forms of physical as well as non-physical abuse consisting of partner and family abuse, sexual assault and stalking. The abuse can be either of the victim-offender relationship or of the abuseRead MoreDomestic Violence is a Global Issue1347 Words   |  5 PagesDomestic Violence (DV) is a critical social issue that negatively impacts not only our own culture in America but as well as all other cultures around the world. Domestic Violence is a global issue reaching across national boundaries as well as socio-economic, cultural, racial and class distinctions (Kaur Garg 2008). Domestic Violence is a serious problem that can be seen around every society from families of both developed and unde rdeveloped countries and of different backgrounds. Although thereRead MoreDomestic Violence And Sexual Harassment1645 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Violence is an ever growing problem across the globe. In particular, violence against women is at an all time high. Although many cases of violence against women are reported, it is in statistical data that half of all cases are not reported. Some are not reported because of fears, relationship severances, and other unknown reasons. The main types of abuse on women are domestic and sexual harassment (Nosheen, 2011). Follow this paper carefully while it takes you on an expedition of

King Lear and Antigone as Tragic Hero Essay - 1626 Words

Because Lear is capable of change, he becomes a tragic hero; because Antigone is incapable of change, she never becomes a tragic heroine. Aristotle defines a tragic hero as someone, usually a male, who â€Å"falls from a high place mainly due to their fatal flaw.† During the highest point of the tragic hero’s life, something is revealed to the protagonist causing a reversal in their fortune. This reversal of fortune is caused by the flaw in their character. Tragedy evokes catharsis, a feeling of pity for the protagonist in the audience. While both the characters of Lear and Antigone possess some tragic features required to be a tragic hero, only one proves to be the true tragic hero. Antigone can be considered a tragic hero, because†¦show more content†¦She is proud of her actions to the point of being blind to her own role in her death. She begs, â€Å"Be witness for me, denied all pity, unjustly judged!† implying that she is only a victim of unjust circumstances. As Antigone does not go through any anagnorisis she doesn’t go through the critical realisation or discovery that the typical tragic hero needs to go through. Antigone’s lack of self-knowledge accounts for her alleging the â€Å"thrice told doom of her father†. Instead of acknowledging her wrongful actions against the King she continually blames her unfortunate fate upon the â€Å"entire desting† of her ‘cursed’ family. She continually defies the states regulations and risks her own life to honour her brother. Antigone has many chances to back down but her own hubris means that she isn’t capable of change which leads to her unnecessary dea th. A moment of anagnorisis does occur in Antigone’s presence; however it is not she who realizes her own role in her downfall. The Chorus asserts, â€Å"You have made your choice, your death is the doing of your own conscious hand,† however Antigone refuses to accept these words. She insists she has â€Å"not sinned before God...But if the guilt lies upon Creon who judged me, then. I pray, may his punishment equal my own.† Nearing the end of the play, it is proven that Antigone is not a tragic hero, because she lacks a moment of anagnorisis highlighting how she is incapable of beingShow MoreRelatedThe Renaissance and It’s Affect on William Shakespeare’s Works2369 Words   |  10 Pagesby the Church. The genre of tragedy is rooted in the Greek dramas of Aeschylus (525-456 B.C., e.g. the Oresteia and Prometheus Bound), Euripides (ca. 480?-405 B.C., e.g. Medeaand The Trojan Women) and Sophocles (496-406 B.C., e.g. Oedipus Rex and Antigone). While S hakespeare probably did not know Greek tragedy directly, he would have been familiar with the Latin adaptations of Greek drama by the Roman (i.e. Latin-language) playwright Seneca (ca. 3 B.C.-65 A.D.; his nine tragedies include a MedeaRead MoreEssay Prompts4057 Words   |  17 PagesGreat Expectations Sister Carrie The Great Gatsby The Sound and Fury Gulliver’s Travels Sula Heart of Darkness The Sun Also Rises Invisible Man Their Eyes Were Watching God Joe Turner’s Come and Gone The Things They Carried King Lear The Turn of the Screw Major Barbara Who’s Afraid of Virginia Wolf 2004 (Form B): The most important themes in literature are sometimes developed in scenes in which a death or deaths take place. Choose a novel or play and write a well-organizedRead MoreThe Sonnet Form: William Shakespeare6305 Words   |  26 Pagesoral tradition and based partly on fact and partly on fiction. The terms legend and myth (see below) are often used interchangeably, but legends are typically rooted in real historical events, whereas myths are primarily supernatural. The stories of King Arthur and Robin Hood are examples of legends. Lyric: A short poetic composition that describes the thoughts of a single speaker. Most modern poetry is lyrical (as opposed to dramatic or narrative), employing such common forms as the ode and sonnet

A Writer’s Worst Writing Experience Free Essays

When a sales man cannot sell anything, when a basketball player cannot shoot hoops or when a painter cannot paint, the worst experience that any professional can have in the performance of his or her work is the inability to execute the same, which practically defeats the very essence of the profession. In the same token, a writer’s worst experience is the incapacity to write when the writer has nothing to write about. This occurs basically for two reasons: First is when the topic to be written about has no resource and second, when the writer especially creative writers, has no source of inspiration or objective to write about. We will write a custom essay sample on A Writer’s Worst Writing Experience or any similar topic only for you Order Now Writers conduct extensive research for the papers that they prepare. Whether a review of related literature or previous studies conducted on the topic of interest or an interpretation of an empirical observation or a summary of qualitative interview or statistical data, written documents must always have a basis whether from authoritative references or simple scientific observation. This is especially important for written documents that proposes an idea or urges its audience into action such as all forms of academic papers, advertisements or propaganda. In our modern world, the primary approach used in generating ideas is the scientific method of observable investigation and experimentation in generating conclusions. (Payne, G. and Payne, J. , 2004). In philosophy however, two major schools of thought basically delineate Epistemology or the study of human knowledge. Aside from the empirical approach that posits that perception is the prime source of knowledge on which is based the scientific approach, there is rationalism. Rationalism is principally founded on the Platonic philosophy that adhered that the mind or soul is ultimately the human faculty that interacts with the real world of abstract concepts from which is derived tangible particulars i. e. the factual world via the deductive process. (Engel, S. , 2001). This intangible reality is beyond our perception and can be attained through contemplation and reason. Following this idea, writers can also write original topics or ideas by reflection. Whilst in a derogatory sense, writers can actually generate ideas by philosophizing in a vacuum. Pragmatists however added that such philosophical writing must have practical purpose. Descartes’ Skeptical approach used doubting as the process of inquiry that allows a person to obtain relative certainty. The process of contemplation and reflection brings us to the next chief reason for having nothing to write about which is the lack of inspiration. Contemplation and reflection is difficult if not impossible if writers lack inspiration or objective. In the case of Descartes, his objective to prove the logical intuition of one’s existence and certification of one’s consciousness through self experience served as his inspiration. It is not a simple rational inquiry but is focused on discovery of the foundation of knowledge. For creative writers, the source of inspiration can be about anything i. e. a person, object, experience or a simple thought. This results to written forms of art such as poetry, stories or other written expressions of emotions and thoughts. However unlike other forms of art like painting or sculpture, writing as an art must always be geared to communicate ideas/ notions and express emotions. Hardly are there written forms of art that is for pure aesthetics or is created for its own sake. This is because writing is the textual representation of communication in which ideas are at its core. Without idea or message, there is no communication. In writing, this idea is tantamount to the topic. Without the topic, there is no writing. Thus, having no reference, source of such topic or the lack of inspiration to source that topic is the worst experience that a writer can ever have. How to cite A Writer’s Worst Writing Experience, Papers

TESCO Plc and International Accounting Standards Essay Example For Students

TESCO Plc and International Accounting Standards Essay Outline1 Introduction2 TESCO Plc3 International Accounting Standards4 TESCO Plc and International Accounting Standards5 IAS 39 Financial Instrument acknowledgment and measuring6 IAS 22 Business Combinations7 ISA18 Revenue8 Decision and critically rating of International Accounting Standards Introduction The deepening of globalisation procedure and addition of transnational corporations has led to some large alterations in the fiscal coverage universe. This has meant the distributing unit of ammunition the universe non merely of goods and services but besides people, money, engineerings and constructs. As the universe becomes globalized, this causes a job for foreign investors to reexamine financials prepared under different criterions can be a great challenge. Each state has their ain demands and accounting procedures that they must follow. It is accepted that investors need to be able to compare like sort investings with studies prepared using one individual accounting system in order to do an informed determination. This study it is examined and evaluated that TESCO Plc and usage of the International Accounting Standards to company Financial Statements. TESCO Plc Tesco is one of the universes largest and UK s figure 1 retail merchant. It has operations in 12 international markets. Using over 440,000 people and functioning 1000000s of client every hebdomad. In 1919 Jack Cohen founded Tesco in the east terminal of London. In 1947 Tesco Stores Ltd. floats on the London Stock Exchange with the portion monetary value of 25p. Tesco has 3,728 shops worldwide including 2,115 shops in the UK. It has contains 6 sections Tesco Direct, Groceries and Wine, Entertainment and Digital, Finance and Insurance, Phones and Broadband and on-line shops including www.tescodiets.com. International Accounting Standards The integrating of the universe s economic system is happening at a fast rate and the international market has helped the accounting profession to travel closer to a planetary accounting system. Therefore transverse lodger comptrollers and hearers are of import factor in the competitory planetary universe. In add-on, the last five old ages have ushered in some large alterations in the fiscal coverage universe. Some of those alterations, for illustration, the Sarbanes Oxley Act is a response to ill-famed fiscal dirts, which included Enron, WorldCom etc. By and large, criterions differ from state to state for many grounds, including different legal systems, degree of rising prices, civilization, and political and economic ties. These differences can do jobs for transnational corporations. A company making concern in more than one state may happen it hard to follow with more than one set of accounting criterions if there are of import differences among the sets. These differences besides cause jobs for investors who must fight to compare companies whose fiscal statements are prepared under different criterions. It has been argued that different national accounting criterions impair the ability of companies to raise capital in international markets. The demand of cross lodger comptrollers come in to play here. The outgrowth of transnational administrations, foreign AIDSs, and their complicated foreign operations has led to the internationalisation comptrollers and hearers. Christopher Nobes ( 2005 ) stated that, when transnational administrations prepare amalgamate fiscal statements, hearers will necessitate audits of those statements on the footing of the regulations of the place state of the transnational administrations. The outgrowth of transnational corporations has besides led to development in the functions of audit houses and has led to international amalgamations among houses. In add-on Harmonizing to the International Organisation of Securities Commissions, the committee is taking in taking barriers for international capital markets. In add-on, it has close audiences with the International Federation of Accountants refering one set of planetary auditing criterions, to accomplish unvarying quality degree of audit and to find whether these planetary criterions are suited for usage for cross boundary line listing intents TESCO Plc and International Accounting Standards IAS 39 Financial Instrument acknowledgment and measuring .The chief aim of this criterion is to supply basic rules for recognizing and mensurating fiscal assets, liabilities and some contracts to purchase or sell non fiscal points and derived functions. These are contracts such as options, forwards, hereafters, and barters. They are frequently entered into at no or really small cost and hence anterior to IAS 39 were non frequently recognized in fiscal statements. IAS 39 requires derived functions to be measured at just value with alterations in just value recognized either in net income or loss or in militias depending on whether the company uses fudging. Where the derived function is used to countervail hazard and certain hedge conditions are met, alterations in just value can be recognized individually in militias. ( G Holt, ( 2008 ) . CPD Articles ) . Sports And Children EssayIn add-on, this standard implies that the gross shall be measured at the just value of the consideration received or receivable. Fare value is the sum for which an plus could be exchanged, over liability settled, between knowing willing parties in an weaponries length dealing *Revenue consists of gross revenues through retail mercantile establishments. Gross is recorded cyberspace of returns, relevant voucher/offers and value added revenue enhancements, when the important hazards and wagess of ownership have been transferred to the purchaser. Relevant voucher/offers include: money-off vouchers, conditional spend verifiers and offers such as buy one get one free ( BOGOF ) and 3 for 2. *Commissions income is recorded based on the footings of the contracts and is recognized when the service is provided. *Revenue consists of involvement, fees and committees receivable. Interest income on fiscal assets that are classified as loans and receivables is determined utilizing the effectual involvement rate method. This is the method of ciphering the amortised cost of a fiscal plus or for a group of assets, and of apportioning the involvement income over the expected life of the plus. Decision and critically rating of International Accounting Standards Convergence of accounting criterions with international attack will necessarily raise the inquiry of regulations versus rules. IASB criterions are rules based, therefore the states that have regulations based criterions are expected to see considerable trouble in harmonisation of their criterions with IFRS. In add-on, accounting criterions have been developed in different states under different legal, economic, societal, and cultural environments. For this grounds if convergence is to be achieved, it is necessary to get at an understanding as to the cardinal aim of fiscal coverage. Further, unlike most Western traditions, cardinal concern moralss flow from the pattern of Islam, instead than from codifications created and enforced by professional administrations. For illustration, they are prohibition on engagement with industries considered iniquitous such as gaming, intoxicant, and hog merchandises. In add-on they are rigorous prohibition on riba, which is similar to involvement. Is lam s prohibition of involvement has important deductions for the harmonisation of accounting criterions since involvement computations are an built-in constituent of many Western criterions. Now it is realized that, excluding really few, about all states of the universe are interested to follow IAS as their accounting criterions. USA is the lone chief state reluctant to follow it. The inquiry arises here is what will go on if ace power of the universe and a extremely developed economic system like USA does non follow IAS. Further, US patterns on accounting and fiscal coverage have been for many decennaries, and remain, the most influential in the universe. In twelvemonth 2001, the prostration of the US energy trading company Enron and the death of its hearer, Andersen, have had reverberations in all major economic systems. In add-on, April, 2010, The International Accounting Standards Board, said it proposes to necessitate that companies provide new information on certain fiscal instruments on both, an amortised cost and market to market, or just value, footing. The proposal aims to better the information investors get about bank balance sheets in the aftermath of the recognition crisis. But the step marks a broadening of the spread between US and British accounting criterions. Critics believe the G20 understanding to make a planetary accounting criterion by June 2011 will be more hard to accomplish as a consequence.

Meaning of Literature

Introduction According to   Baym 2007 in the book, â€Å"The Norton anthology American literature: Beginnings to 1865†, literature is defined as written, spoken, or observable material that holds some meaning that can be interpolated or offer information, explanation about anything from creative writing to more technical or scientific work. Life on its very nature can be defined as part of literature; elements of literature that are observable in human social life include culture, language, symbols, signals, poetry, songs, and dances.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Meaning of Literature specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In academic circles, literature author’s messages are decoded by readers to get meaning and an in-depth understanding of what the writer wanted to convey using literary theory, using a mythological, sociological, psychological, or historical methodologies. Literature has relevance in human life as it communicate to individuals, societies, its universal and has an impact on human life (Baym, 2007). This paper takes a look at the meaning of literature; it will focus on the issues brought about in the book â€Å"â€Å"The Norton anthology American literature: Beginnings to 1865.† Newspapers and literature Newspapers and periodical can be classified as literature when considering that they address a certain topic in the social, economic, and political arena that talks about the human life, their community and has an impact on their life. Print news are information gotten from paper printed news that come out periodically; in the context of news, the most used print news articles are the newspapers that are produced daily reporting matter of the last 24 hours and sometimes offering some reviews to older news and information. Other than newspapers and other dailies, there are a number of weekly and monthly articles that are being produced reflecting on cert ain matters that transpired in the last week or month; in most cases the articles may be looking at certain aspect in the community say politics, economies, sports or other social happenings (Baym, 2007). The Back of a cereal box literature With changes in culture and generations, the world is facing a new wave of generation that seems to have little relevance to written literature or they are not willing to have written literature. Generation Y is fulfilling their surveillance needs in the most efficient manner in terms of access, costs, and availability; with the above characteristics, free news media has seen a niche market where it can sell its products and services. Free news media offer news in simplified form that is formatted to attract the attention of its target market who happens to be the youth in the current generation as they prepare to grow with the population to their old age. On the other hand, the print news media has maintained a conventional news presentation for mat that seems give preference to national and international news on different matter; they have the space and the time to offer in-depth analysis and sometime experts’ opinion on certain issues.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The format as adopted by print media is more informative than the one addressed by the free news media, however the current generation of youth seems not to be very concerned on quality but consider their personal interests when choosing the material they are going to use for information (Baym, 2007). The situation on the ground portrays that print news media no longer command an increasing market; however their demand is decreasing for the good of free news media. Why are some writings chosen to be in the book and others not When reading the article, (The norton anthology American literature ) book, we note that human beings have diverse cultu res and live in different areas in the globe; this has made them to talk, pronounce, have an accent and stress words differently. Linguistic anthropology concerns itself with the relationship between language and culture of human beings. There are various aspects of human life that language just like any other factor that influence the life of human being touches/ can be used to explain, these areas are participation, reflexivity, voice and chronoscope, circulation, identities, gender sexuality, ideology, text, and grammar. Language is a part and parcel of human life that is developed with ones knowledge or not. It was instilled by our parents after we were born, human beings will copy others in the socialization process; after they have copied them they get identity with the copied tribe or community. These aspects are deeply instilled in the human beings and he is not aware that they define each step that he makes . The kind of language that a person undertakes have a certain bac king from where the person comes from, it can define the back ground of the person; the strong points of interpolation are found in the selection of words, the tone as well and the volume that a person uses to express his needs. In communities that are racists the use of the language that is meant for the majority or the minority can place the individual on either side. One can be identified to belong to a certain race out of the use of works that he adopts and the accent that he is having on the particular language.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Meaning of Literature specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example the blacks in the United States of America have some words like â€Å"nigger† that have meaning to them and identify them from the larger group. When one is dealing with such a person, you don’t have to ask the tribe or the social setting that he comes from all you need is to listen to hi m talk. The general argument is that by listening to the way a person talks, what works he is stressing and which letters he seems not to pronounce in his reading, one can know the cultural background of the Individual. Stressing some works and relaxing some give different meaning to the same work; this may be giving it verb status or noun. For example by stressing the word produce- mostly said with a raising voice, it may mean the act of producing; thus a verb, when the same is said politely, it means the outcome thus a noun. As one is brought up, through early socialization, the choice of word is learnt and it is interpolated differently by different groups. Other aspects are biologically instilled in the human beings. What are the editors looking for in writing for it to be included as â€Å"literature†? When writing the book the writer seems to be looking for the following human characters that can be derived through literature understanding. Identity Human beings do not live alone but they are social beings. They are there for the each other in times of need and build these relationships by expressing their own feeling and opinions this is done by the use of understandable language. They must communicate to the recipient in the language that he is going to understand. Communication becomes effective when the language that the two parties are using is well understood by them; this is the use of language. Language goes further than the oral talks but involve written information, body language, and electronic transfer of information. It is the language that we use that makes the world to have â€Å"sense† everything that is in the world gets a meaning when language is used to express its use. Problems only get a solution when the solvers can use the correct language. The innovations that is a good resultant aspect of education has its root in language; these spans from the general understanding of things as they are to specific analysis of a pa rticular case. Taking a traditional case, in each society there is culture that holds its people together, one of the major components of culture is language; this is because the language that is adopted by a particular society is unique in its own ways . Identity can be defined as the stable and fixed aspects of selfhood: things that you check off on census forms such as; Race or ethnicity, Nationality, Social class and Gender. The way someone uses his language is of importance to show his or her identity.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In African countries for example those people who belong to high class talk a different set of English, the way that they pronounce names is different from the other members, all over those people who are living in towns are associated with quality English and other languages, this is a tool that can be used to give the class its own status and class. Those from the village and rural area talk broken English. When language is the tool that is used to identify ethnicity, there are two sides of looking at it. One is that a person identifies himself as from a certain tribe or learns that the others are not of the same ethnicity. The choice of words that we use in the daily conversation gives the impression of what kind of a background that one has; the fact that some communities use some words to express different issues can be learnt. According to Ali G story, there are two sets of languages; they are vernacular and Standard English. When one is using either, the weight that the infor mation is going to be carried by is different. If we take the case of America, the black Americans and the Native Americans, if a black can talk vernacular the information that he converging is not seen as serious as the case would have been if he used Standard English. Standard English is seen to have few diversion of the original information and thus the message brought forward by it is seen as more serious. One who talks Standard English is seen as a Native American and thus the treatments will be as so. Standard English is then a show of sincerity and used to convey serious messages. When a combination of vernacular and Standard English is used, it gives the impression of areas that need more emphasis than others and them that can be taken lightly. The identity of the message identifies the sender’s feeling and identity at large. When the issue of ethnicity comes into picture, in most cases one does not need to say whether he is black or white since the skin color can tel l. Traditionally the skin was good enough to identify the ethnicity of the person concerned. The Asians and the Chinese have unique physical appearance that one only needs to look at them and you can tell the ethnicity. However, there are some countries that the colour cannot form basis of identity. One of this is the Hutus and Tutsi of Rwanda. During the Rwanda massacre fight, the tool that they used to identify ones tribe was only the language. This is so because they have similar physical appearances, they could talk the others language; but the way they pronounced some names made the difference and eventually lead to the identity that A belongs to this tribe and B the other. In the situation of computer based interaction; the exchangers of information are not at close vicinity of each other but they can identify their ethnicity by the language that they use in the interaction. There is the issue of national homogenize languages that a particular country may adopt, anyone who is coming in the country either as a visitor or a passer-by may not be aware of the language, when he communicate, then one can identify that he is of a different ethnicity. In most ethnic settings the old people are more versed with the language of the particular society, their selection of words is different from that of the youth which is influenced by education and modern time’s interactions. For example in Africa, there are diverse tribes that each has a different culture; the old population that mostly live in the rural areas and are less learnt, the youth stay in town centres that they have different tribes, their language is thus diluted by the interactions and the education that they have taken. When an old person who is from the village or a young people from the village is talking, the kind of language that he is going to use will be highly influenced by the traditional settings; this may be in the broken English or French (the learnt foreign language) or will have a deep understanding of the local language. With this one can easily identify the age and the social setting in terms of location that this person belongs to. Language and Participation When people are interacting with each other, their interaction is facilitated by communication among them; for an effective communication then the need for language cannot be over emphasized. There is need to express ones ideas in an appropriate way; in participation, may it be in games or activities, the players must understand each other, the language that they will use is of essence. Different situations call for different languages, the language that is used in a game situation is different from the one that is used in a job place. The language that the youth use is different from the one that the old use; this happens when they are talking to themselves or talking to others of different age groups. If one cannot express his or her ideas in the right way, he may not be resourceful as the situation demands. How well a group understands each other determines how productive they will be, when they use appropriate language they do it to benefit their members and most probably to keep off the opponents. An example of this is in football, the coach always have different language that can only be understood by the team that he is coaching and thus the opponents won’t know what instructions has been given. In military settings, there is unique language that is used to convey different aspects, the commands are given in a language that will only make sense to them but the enemy won’t understand. As a war tactic, the use of a word to mean completely different from the ordinary meaning; this is meant to confuse the enemy. In the entertainment sector, the language that is used to portray certain issues is the one that made the situation fun, the way that the conversation is developed and presented to the audience is in a humorous way; this is another way that the selection of language and the use of the right language are seen in practice. In children games there are repetitions of statements to make them attractive to them, the choice of the kind of word that will be used is different from the one that is going to be chosen for adolescents, the children language is that that promotes job and glorifies children playing; the one for adolescent is one that is educative. In the job place, the language that employees are supposed to use when addressing customers is different from the one that they use when addressing their fellow work mates. The language for customers has a soothing element aimed at building a strong brand name. The respect that the employees use on their seniors can be detected in the language that they use. When an individual is confronted by two conditions that require him to make a decision, the kind of language that he is going to use will determine the weight that the answer to the solution will be. When a parent is bringing up a ch ild, he uses different language in terms of tones, structure and the volume that he uses to ensure that the child is shaped in the way that the parent want. In this stage the child is taught on what to say if he is a man and what to say in the case of a woman, this reinforces the differences that are perceived to be prevailing between the male and female in the society. This means that as one undertakes the daily cores, there is a force i.e. language that can be used to define him. The parents always have a good time in reinforcing the language that they give their children to a point that even if the child decides to get another secondary language, it is affected by the original parent’s language. Gender Gender simply means being female or male; it is thus not used to refer to women only. In the subject of linguistic anthropology, the effect that language has played in the area of gender has been put in place. The language that the male use is different from the one that wom en use; the way that men stress, the tone that they use, the facial expression continues to affirm their dominance in the society. They are likely to use harsh voice. On the other hand, it is the use of the same language that women demand for their recognition and respect from the men dominated world. For example, a man is more likely to say a â€Å"NO†, to ensure that the woman fears and respects the man; with so doing then the domination of the man in the family continues. In such a situation if the woman is in real need of something done, then the language that she will use can make the man change the previous â€Å"NO†, she may use words like â€Å"Woooiyee my lovely husband please†. With this selection of words and the voicing that the woman is going to use, the husband can find himself compelling with the demands of the woman. When one has given his views and the way that he responds to different questions is the main subject that one’s belief is id entified as feminism or anti feminism. When a woman is issuing evidence in court; the selection of the words will make the difference; a woman combines emotional feeling to the situation and this may influence the decision of the court. A man’s evidence on the other hand is not taken with much weight since his voice is more standard and monotonous, the fact that he is a male gives him the disadvantage. The saying goes â€Å"Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus†; this means that they understand life differently. The meaning of a word makes different to the woman and man. When a man stresses a word, he does it to produce a certain meaning; some communities also have some words that are meant for men; in some communities it is regarded as taboo to even utter some words. This continues to enforce the gender differences. In rape cases, one of the reasons that have been put forward is that women do not report them; on the defence women have argued that they feel shy of ex pressing themselves. They have no words to explain what happened. On the other hand, in the small sub sexuality culture that human beings have; there is the language that is adopted and used into them, the gays, the lesbians and the heterosexuals have a different way in which they talk. There is the choice of words they use that make them stand out of the rest. If one does not understand the language, it is more likely that in the context of these people he might not understand what they are saying. This language is seen as internationally recognized and thus the continuity of certain sexuality is thus affected. For example a heterosexual man will use a soothing language when he is talking to a woman of whom he has sexual interests in; the woman on the other hand may use body language or by some sounds to give/ communicate that she has become aroused or interested in the man. This may be different in a gay sexuality. One communicate to others regarding his sexuality through the lang uage that he is going to portray when among the group, the language is the voices, the choice of words, the area that he is going to stress, body language and the contribution that he is going to make in general discussion. To send a signal of what I am in the social setting will be understood by those whom we practice similar sexuality. Whether it is in the area of gender or sexuality what language is aiming to give is the identity of a person. Those who want to be identified as women, men, homosexuals or gays are done by the language that we adopt. In Heterosexuality the woman in most cases is regarded as the weaker sex and is not expected to express / declare her sexual interest to a man, however, there are body language and other forms of communication that she can express her interests. Men on the other hand are seen as the one who has the sexuality advantage; the move he made and the selection of words that he uses communicate his interests. By this belief that the woman shoul d not have the authority of expressing what she feels, then it continues to reinforce men dominance in the society. Gender differences are seen again with this. There is a funny situation that is portrayed by heterosexual people, the power of a woman to say a direct no to sexual advances is mostly misunderstood; when a man approach a woman, and the woman is not willing to have sex, by her saying â€Å"no† is interpolated as a way of asking the man to beg and put more effort. The word â€Å"no† said by a woman is interpolated to mean somehow there is consent; on the other hand, a â€Å"yes† to sexual advances is interpreted to show a weak woman sexually. With this belief rape cases pose a great challenge to prove that the woman really was not willing, if the woman said no, then it can be miss- interpolated that she actually was saying yes in another way; if she was saying yes, then there was no rape. At the same time, it is expected that the woman should provoke a man before sexual advances has been made; prove is on the woman to show that actually he did not provoke the man. This has been an area of controversy in court cases; the feminisms advocate for word to word interpreted. In cases of homosexual, when a sexual advance has been made, the â€Å"she-man† is expected to use an understandable language to show his consent; a mere saying of â€Å"no† may hold the same weight as that said by a heterosexual woman, however if the no is with a commanding voice it is regarded as a holding no. In this society, the she-man has the responsibility of attracting the partner, despite the heterosexual counterfeits; they are empowered to approach their partner. The kind of grammar that one uses is influenced by the language that he uses. American grammar is different from English grammar. Grammar is a product of how a person has been taught as far as the use of language is concerned. In American English for instance they have some words th at don’t have a â€Å"u† the pronunciation of these words is without the â€Å"u†. The same word is written differently in Queens English, they are for example â€Å"honor†- this is the American version and â€Å"honour† the Queen’s English version, another way is in the use of â€Å"S† and â€Å"Z†. In the American English, there is the use of â€Å"Z† in areas that the Queens English uses an â€Å"s†. An example of this is socialization this is in American English and Socialisation in Queens English. If one is reading a text that is written by two people one an American and the other by a Briton, then by looking into such areas, then one can know who is who, this show the role that the use of language can help in identifying the identity of an individual, the need for a physical intersection is not required since language can communicate this. There are also some words that mean the same but the way that they ar e spelled in different settings are different, this is not only in the omission of a certain letter or the use of a letter in place of another, but it means a total new name. An example of this is the word interpolation in American English and interplatation in Queens English. Both the above words mean to have a deeper analysis. Interpolation is not found in Queens English Dictionary and the same case with interplatation. When one is identified to belong to a certain setting the possibility of favours or racism treatment will be experienced. The use of Shrub language of some names can also be another area that language can be used to show identity. Some areas pronounce the same word with a shrub accent while others do not. An example of this is the pronunciation of the word â€Å"issue† to an American it is pronounced as â€Å"isiu† and to a Briton it is an ‘ishuu†. When one is conversing, it becomes very easy to realize the nationality of the person by the way he is going to pronounce this name   (Baym, 2007). Conclusion Literature is any written material describing certain social, economic, and political environment of the issue that can be conveyed orally, through facial expressions, writings, acting, body language, symbols and signs. Every human, physical, historical, and social activity forms part of literature, thus literature continues to grow and take shape every moment in time. Language is part literature that used to define human personalities, nationality, tribe, beliefs, and opinions among other. It can be used to reinforce some believes in the society, these beliefs include gender existence, the dominance of men, sexuality, and racialism. Reference Baym, N.(2007). The Norton Anthology American Literature: Beginnings to 1865. New York: W W Norton Co Inc. 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What Is a Good SAT Subject Test Score

What Is a Good SAT Subject Test Score SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips What's a good Subject Test score? This might soundlike a straightforward question, but it's actually a little more complicated. What makes a good score varies by SAT Subject Test as the number of test takers differs from test to test. For instance, in 2017 more than 140,000 students took the Math Level II Test, more than 48,000 students took the Literature Test, and only 453 took the Modern Hebrew Test. As you'll see below, most good scores for SAT Subject Tests are in the 700s, but there are other factors to consider as you set your target scores. Let's take a look at the average scores and percentiles so you can know what a good score is for each individual SAT Subject Test. While we'll be looking at statistics and college requirements to answer this question, it's also important you learn to define what "good" means to you. Ultimately, with effort and preparation, you should be proud of the Subject Test scores you achieve! What Are the Average SAT Subject Test Scores? Good SAT Subject Test scores tend to be a fair deal higher than good scores on the general SAT since high academic achievers tend to take the Subject Tests. The following chart shows the 2018 averages for each SAT Subject Test. For a full breakdown of what these average scores mean, check out this article. SAT Subject Test Mean Score Chemistry 666 Chinese with Listening 760 Ecological Biology 618 French 628 French with Listening 668 German 620 German with Listening 618 Italian 666 Japanese with Listening 703 Korean with Listening 761 Latin 626 Literature 607 Math Level I 605 Math Level II 693 Modern Hebrew 612 Molecular Biology 650 Physics 667 Spanish 647 Spanish with Listening 662 U.S. History 640 World History 622 Source: The College Board See how the average score for Korean with Listening is an incredibly high 761? The average for Math Level I looks like a more reasonable 605. So a "good" score would be higher than average, maybe even in the top 25% of test takers, or top 5% if you're shooting for the Ivy League. Based on these averages, a score of 700 could mean completely different things depending on the test. It would be a strong score on the Literature test but only slightly above average on Math Level II. And on the Korean with Listening test, a 700 would be way below average. Now that you have a sense of the average scores for each test and why they matter for your percentile,let's look at the most recent score percentiles. What Are the SAT Subject Test Score Percentiles? Along with getting a score somewhere between 200 and 800, you also get a score percentile, which compares you with other students who took the test. Scoring in the 80th percentile, for example, means you scored higher than 80% of students. The charts below show how scores translated to percentiles for test takers in 2018. All information is taken from the College Board. Literature, History, and Math Subject Tests Score Literature U.S. History World History Math Level I Math Level II Score 800 99 97 96 99 79 800 790 98 95 94 98 75 790 780 96 93 92 98 71 780 770 94 90 90 96 67 770 760 93 87 87 95 63 760 750 91 83 85 92 60 750 740 88 80 83 89 57 740 730 85 76 80 86 54 730 720 82 72 76 82 50 720 710 79 68 74 78 48 710 700 75 64 71 74 45 700 690 71 60 68 71 42 690 680 67 56 64 68 39 680 670 65 52 61 65 37 670 660 60 49 58 61 34 660 650 56 46 55 57 31 650 640 53 42 52 54 28 640 630 49 39 49 51 26 630 Science Subject Tests Score Biology E Biology M Chemistry Physics Score 800 97 94 90 87 800 790 96 91 87 84 790 780 95 89 83 81 780 770 92 86 80 77 770 760 91 82 76 74 760 750 88 79 72 70 750 740 86 75 68 67 740 730 83 72 64 63 730 720 80 68 60 60 720 710 77 64 57 57 710 700 74 61 54 53 700 690 70 57 50 50 690 680 67 53 47 47 680 670 63 50 44 43 670 660 60 46 41 41 660 650 55 42 38 38 650 640 52 39 35 35 640 Language With Listening Subject Tests Score Chinese French German Japanese Korean Spanish Score 800 62 80 96 88 62 94 800 790 46 78 96 75 47 91 790 780 35 76 92 68 36 86 780 770 30 73 90 63 30 82 770 760 25 70 88 55 25 78 760 750 22 66 83 50 21 74 750 740 20 64 80 46 18 69 740 730 17 61 76 43 16 66 730 720 15 57 73 40 13 62 720 710 14 55 70 35 12 58 710 700 12 53 66 33 11 55 700 690 11 49 63 32 10 51 690 680 10 47 60 29 9 46 680 670 9 44 57 27 8 43 670 660 8 40 54 25 7 40 660 650 7 38 52 24 6 38 650 Language (Without Listening) Subject Tests Score French German Modern Hebrew Italian Latin Spanish Score 800 87 93 85 88 94 92 800 790 86 88 81 81 92 90 790 780 84 85 77 77 90 87 780 770 81 82 75 72 89 84 770 760 79 81 74 69 86 80 760 750 77 76 71 64 82 77 750 740 74 73 70 61 81 74 740 730 72 71 68 57 77 70 730 720 69 67 66 54 74 67 720 710 67 66 66 52 70 64 710 700 65 63 63 49 67 60 700 690 62 60 62 46 66 57 690 680 60 59 60 43 62 54 680 670 58 56 59 40 60 50 670 660 55 53 57 38 57 47 660 650 53 51 55 36 54 44 650 640 50 49 53 33 51 41 640 630 47 47 51 31 49 38 630 As you can see, there's a lot of variation in percentiles among SAT Subject Tests. That's what makes answering the question of what's a good SAT Subject Test score a bit more complicated. Some tests are considered easier than others, and percentiles can be more competitive depending on the population of test takers. Based on this data, here are my suggestions for good and excellent scores for each test. These are the scores you should aim for if you want to achieve the 70th percentile or above, 80th percentile or above, or 90th percentile or above. Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 160points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: Good and Excellent SAT Subject Test Scores The last way to identify a great SAT Subject Test score is to find out which score you need in order to hit a certain percentile. Below, we've compiled all of the scores needed to reach the 70th, 80th, and 90th percentiles on each Subject Test: Subject Test 70th %ile+ 80th %ile+ 90th %ile+ Chemistry 740-750 770 800 Chinese with Listening 800 800 800 Ecological Biology 690 720 750-760 French 720-730 760-770 800 French with Listening 760 800 800 German 720-730 750-760 790-800 German with Listening 710 740 770 Italian 760-770 780-790 800 Japanese with Listening 780-790 790-800 800 Korean with Listening 800 800 800 Latin 710 730-740 780 Literature 680-690 710-720 740-750 Math Level I 680-690 710-720 740-750 Math Level II 770-780 800 800 Modern Hebrew 740 780-790 800 Molecular Biology 720-730 750-760 780-790 Physics 750 770-780 800 Spanish 730 760 790 Spanish with Listening 740-750 760-770 780-790 U.S. History 710-720 740 770 World History 690-700 730 770 Source: The College Board Some tests, such as Math Level II, Chemistry, Physics, Chinese with Listening, French, French with Listening, Italian, Japanese with Listening, Korean with Listening, and Modern Hebrew, require near-perfect scores to get a high percentile! Don't feel overwhelmed by this, though. A lot of these tests have high averages and low standard deviations, meaning that most well-prepared students are able to get a high score near or above the average. If these subjects are your strong suit, then you are statistically likely to be able to achieve a very high score. On the flip side, if you're not so strong in math, chemistry, physics, or these other subjects, keep in mind that the grading curve is very competitive- you'll be competing with students likely bound for top engineering and technical schools, such as Caltech and MIT (or native speakers for any of the language tests). Reflect on your academic strengths and subject mastery to determine whether one of these tests is right for you. As I mentioned earlier, good SAT Subject Test scores are higher than good scores on the general SAT. As you can see, to score in the 70th percentile or higher, you'll have to get in the 700s for almost allsubject tests. There is one more consideration when determining good scores on the SAT Subject Tests: the colleges you're applying to. Your percentiles are comparing you with all students who took the test- but not all of these students are applying to the same colleges as you. Therefore, it's helpful to get a sense of what the average Subject Test scores are for your colleges specifically. What scores do they expect to see? Do admitted students usually score in the low 700s or high 700s? Will the school overlook a low percentile on a Subject Test if it knows the curve for that test was particularly competitive? Let's consider these questions a little more in-depth. Uncovering your college's requirements might take a bit of detective work. What SAT Subject Test Scores Do Your Colleges Want? As with all the other parts of your application, you want to know what your colleges are looking for. What SAT scores do you need? What do they consider a strong GPA? Unfortunately, colleges can be pretty evasive when it comes to giving you answers to these types of questions. Instead, they stress that it's a holistic process andthat admissions officers are looking at all elements of your application to get a sense of who you are as a person. While this is all well and good and you wouldn't want your candidacy to be boiled down only to facts and figures, it still leaves you a bit stuck when it comes to the SAT and SAT Subject Tests. The first step you can take is toresearch the admissions websites of your colleges. Simply Google the name of the college along with "SAT Subject Tests" or "average SAT Subject Test scores" and you might find exactly what you're looking for. If this is a dead end, you could try calling admissions officers and asking if they will share this data (or at least their recommendations). If you're concerned about bothering them, don't be! Lots of admissions officers have tons of valuable information and are happy to share. Plus,demonstrating that you have a vested interest in the college- for example,by speaking with people on campus, visiting the school, or even just putting your name on mailing lists- will further strengthen your application. With the college process, there's nothing helpful about playing hard to get. Put yourself out there! If your sights are set on the Ivy League, check out our article on the Subject Test scores and requirements for the Ivy League. Finally, let's step outside statistics and requirements and consider your own personal goals. Did you celebrate 3/14 this year? Show off your affinity for math by scoring high on the Math Subject Test. How to Customize Your Target SAT Subject Test Scores What are your personal goals for the SAT Subject Tests? Have you memorized the first 100 digits of pi, or are you always the one who calculates the tip at dinner? If you consider yourself a math whiz, then it might be very important for you to score highly on the Math Subject Test. When I was in high school, I absolutely loved English class. Reading and analyzing books revealed new ways of thinking about the world and human relationships. Even when it was hard work, it was work I wanted to do. This doesn't mean I was naturally able to score a perfect score on the Literature Subject Test, though. That test used a much different way of demonstrating subject mastery than my normal classwork did, especially considering its strict time limits. But I felt driven to score well, so I studied practice questions and trained myself to read passages and answer questions under tight time limits. By reflecting on your strengths and interests, as well as by taking practice tests and scoring them yourself, you can develop your own sense of what a good Subject Test score is for you. Once you've set your target scores, tape them to your wall so you can see them every day. Sharing your goals with friends, study buddies, or family members is another good way to stay focused. Once you've set your goals based on this information and your colleges' expectations, you can start preparing for the SAT Subject Tests you've chosen.The College Board offers a helpful breakdown of each Subject Test in addition to practice questions. You can also check out our other resources below to answer any other questions you have about the Subject Tests or SAT. What's Next? You know what makes for good scores on the SAT Subject Tests, but have you decided which ones you're going to take? Check out our expert guide on which Subject Tests you should take. Are you also studying for the SAT? Just as with the Subject Tests, you'll want to set score goals for yourself and work toward achieving them. Read here about good scores, bad scores, and excellent scores on the SAT. If you're considering the ACT instead, this article breaks down the scoring system and helps you set your target ACT scores. Need a little extra help prepping for your Subject Tests? We have the industry's leading SAT Subject Test prep programs (for all non-language Subject Tests). Built by Harvard grads and SAT Subject Test full or 99th %ile scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so that you get the most effective prep possible. Learn more about our Subject Test products below:

Intellectual Property Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Intellectual Property Law - Essay Example An understanding of the philosophical premises behind Property rights are necessary in the understanding of the tug of war between the owners and the users of intangible information.1 Legal Commentators have often expressed their doubts as to whether these rights are actually rights or privileges as Machlup and Penrose have noted:2 " ... those who started to use the word property in connection with inventions had a very definite purpose in mind they wanted to substitute a word with a respectable connotation, 'property', for a word that had an unpleasant ring, 'privilege'." Intellectual property as a "property" thus is an intangible category of property with boundaries that are not always clear cut and which must be actively defended by the holder against infringements. 3 Tangible property is however visible and documented, and the boundaries are more easily given than for intellectual property.4 The law has developed to protect a person who holds certain intellectual property will be able to defend this property only if he/she is granted a particular right over this property. For example in relation to patents the rights are defined by the patent authorities based on what is defined in the patent claims.Like other property (tangible) one has to pay certain fees in order to have their "intellectual" property claim examined and determined and also of continuance fees paid.5 The concept of property rights thus stems from the ideas of John Locke.6Furthermore the notions of property rights developed in the 18th century as one of the core civil rights parallel to-and mutually reinforcing-the right to liberty.7However, most philosophers have put forward the notion that property is not a natural right but rather a deliberate construction by society in order to secure protection against pressure from the collective.8 Subscribing to the view that property is justified as a foundation for liberty and personal security which provides incentives for long-term investments.Also that if these rights are not balanced or protected they will affect economic growth and poverty reduction.as unpredictable property relationships always impeded impede economic growth.9Revisiting the tangible and intangible discussion between property it can be seen that it has been argues that while tangible property rights easily cause conflict this is not the case with as the popular notion with in the case law is that "no patent can stop a person from continuing something he has done before"10.However the problem arises before the courts when the patent claims do not just include what is actually new and invented and this causes problems in identifying what is known and whether existing processes and products would infact infringe the patent.There is a marked certainity thus despite the legal framework with regard to which a ctivities are acceptable and which activities might infringe the patent. A granted patent right is considered to fall within the scope of "possessions" inArticle 1 of Protocol No. 1 to the European Convention on Human Rights andFundamental Freedoms. However, the European Court of Human Rights has declined to give an opinion on whether a patent application

Internship course (report) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Internship course (report) - Essay Example I learnt about the Murabaha where the bank sells an asset at a pre agreed cost and profit after purchasing an item either will full payment or on a deferred basis. The bank benefits from the profit earned and the seller of the property also benefits since the selling takes place in a shorter time. Another product of the bank is the good Murabaha and the vehicle Murabaha whereby the bank takes responsibility of selling goods or a vehicle at an agreed cost with the seller who is a client of the bank. Immediately after the sale takes place, the bank deducts their agreed profit% and gives the rest amount to the seller(Hammonds, 2007). I learnt about the letter of credit (L/C) which is a method of payment whereby the two parties have ample protection. The bank writes to an exporter on behalf of an importer who is their client and it verifies and guarantees payment. The bank also offers financial protection to its customers through construction surety bonds such as bid bonds and performance bonds. Through these finical protections, the client of the bank is able to evaluate a construction company. Surety and bid bonds have a slight difference but in both, the construction company agrees to pay the bank a certain amount which the client is given in case the contractor fails to complete the project. The bank also offers payment guarantee as a service to their customers and return they charge a pre-agreed % on the recovered debt. The client of the bank, who in such a case is the person demanding payment, approaches the bank and provides details of the debt agreement with the debtor and leaves the task of demanding the payment to the bank. The bank also offers a service called Mudaraba which is basically an agreement between the bank and their client. In this service, the bank provides finance for a certain project which is proposed by the client who in turn provides the technical knowhow of carrying out the venture. The venture must be

Vogue: Across Cultures | Analysis

Vogue: Across Cultures | Analysis ABSTRACT The popularity of fashion magazines over the past few decades has risen to new heights. Fashion magazines being the Bible that many young women and men live by, it is highly important to understand the role these magazines play in different societies and cultures. The researchers of marketing, consumer behaviour, trend analysis and trend forecasting consider culture or the differences and similarities in them to be an â€Å"obvious given†. Culture is most often seen as something that stands in the way of complete globalisation. Theory suggests that differences in target groups and marketing segments can be easily overcome through explicit research. While agreeing to the general thought that culture should be ‘respected and ‘treated seriously, the major driving force of marketing and consumer studies is most often, completely, how to overcome and ‘manage culture (Roothart, H. and W.van der Pol, 2002) There has been some research done on the representation of w omen and feminist ideas in the west but an extensive research needs to be done on the representation of women, men, society and culture through media in an Asian context. Over the past few years the Asian countries have changed their public policies surrounding media its ownership and contents. Taking advantage of this opportunity many international magazines like Elle, Vogue and Cosmopolitan have launched their local versions in these countries. These local versions have continuously faced accusations and criticism from society be it racism, discrimination or nudity, although their international versions have been highly appreciated, thus indicating that cultural differences need to be explored for the successful launch of any brand. For this paper the similarities and differences within different cultures would be determined using the covers of a common brand of magazine VOGUE across cultures. This comparison would also help to determine whether culture and/or society play any role in the successful placement of a magazine and whether Vogue has managed to maintain its brand personality by going local. Chasing a Dream INTRODUCTION Beauty is not concrete and may vary from culture to culture changing over time and shift according to location. The concept of beauty is an image which has been created by society to which woman and men have had to subject themselves to be â€Å"real†. History confirms that the ideology of beauty or what is accepted as being the right appearance has been created by society and largely propagated by media. For United States of the 1950s Marilyn Monroe was the pinnacle of beauty which soon changed to Twiggy in the 1960s. While porcelain skin is valued in China, scarification of the skin and decorating it with tattoos is considered as a status symbol in Africa and other parts. Thus the physical attributes and ideas attached to beauty vary across cultures. â€Å"Womens magazine industry is understood as a monolithic meaning producer, circulating magazines that contain messages and signs about the nature of femininity that serve to promote and legitimate dominant interests.† (Anna Gough- Yates) They have been a great source to study the changes in society. Moving from the purely fashion magazine to lifestyle and home to ‘do it yourself and ‘New woman to ‘woman can work too magazines have always reflected revolutions in society and influenced the opinion of women across nations. Given the increase in trade to Asia and the spread of the beauty industry across nations, it is disappointing that there has hardly been any study on how people are depicted internationally in the fashion magazines. Previous research has established that womans magazines can act as agents of socialising, publicizing certain gender stereotypes and certain beauty ideals like size zero and institutionalizing conventions like photographic poses. (Rudman and Verdi, 1993; Griffin, Viswanath, Schwartz, 1994). Yet hardly any research has been done on the differences in representation of women internationally and locally. GLOBAL MEDIA Over the past few decades there has been a rapid expansion of the global media in the area of womans fashion magazines. Local editions of Elle, Harpers Bazzar and Vogue are now being published in Asia. â€Å"Theory holds that increase trade and improved communication are bringing about a mix of cultures and global unity† (Giddens, 1990, Thompson, 1997). The internationalization of a magazine is not a new phenomenon although until quite recently the most popular womans magazines have been published locally. Harpers Bazaar, a U.S magazine launched itself in U.K. in 1929 (Anna Gough-Yates, 1993), Elle a European magazine began publishing its first edition in Japan in 1960s while Vogue a U.S magazine entered the Indian market in the 21st century. However â€Å"the establishment of an integrated global media market only began in earnest in the late 1980s and did not reach its full potential until the 1990s.† (Herman and Mc Chesney ,1997, p10) According to a PricewaterhouseCoopers the Asia/Pacific magazine market excluding Japan is projected to grow by 7.2% annually, reaching $20.7 billion by 2010, Advertising is also expected to rise by 5% annually to $8.1 billion in 2010. This means theres plenty of potential for countries in South Asia, where advertising spending is just about 0.34% of GDP. Until now foreign brands were allowed only 26% ownership when venturing into Asian countries. But in 2005 most of the Asian countries levelled the field for non news publications allowing 100% foreign direct investment. (D. Ruth, 2007, Forbes) Like all the other global media, magazines use many different strategies to cross borders. But the main reasons for doing so are ‘saturation of home markets and to generate revenue by providing international consumer brands with advertising vehicles that reach into the expanding foreign markets'(Dr. Katherine Frith, 2006,pg4-5). With Condà © Nast having to close down Mademoiselle in November 2001 due to competition and flagging sales, markets with rising economic rates like Asia and Middle East have now become a target for westerns producers of beauty and fashion magazines. HISTORY A study of fashion and magazine covers over the past 100 years gives us a clear picture of the extent of change media can bring about. From the corsets and 16 inch waists to jersey fabrics to bikinis the amount of womans liberation brought about along with the growth of womans beauty and fashion magazines is pretty evident. Magazine publishing surfaced much before the 19th century but up till than due to limited resources and technology publishers did not need illustrated or photographed front covers to sell a magazine. By the end of the century development in technology meant that every publisher could now make use of cover illustrations. The 20s and 30s saw two or more people on the front covers. Red lips, cigarettes, dapper looking men and understated elegance came into fashion. During the second world war men disappeared from the cover pages just as they disappeared from everyday lives of woman. Magazines became womens true friends and the government used them to communicate with the home front. Silk fell from grace and hosiery became scarce. The cover girl emerged, women were pictured wearing aprons holding sheaf of corn. With the end of the world war magazine publishers stuck to a fixed formula of selling magazines by using colour and arresting cover lines. Christian Dior made a splash and womans liberation began. The 1960s saw a revolution of self expression, music and ‘models who became as famous as movie stars. This was the start of a new era for women. The cover of Harpers Bazaar (1965) with the model Jean Shrimpton wearing a Day-Glo bright pink space helmet and the acid green brand emblem at the top is often seen as an emblem of the 60s. Jerseys, pullovers long hair for men and woman were the characteristics of the 70s. Photographs more than an illustration was often seen as the cover pages while cover lines became bigger, brighter and bolder. The 1980s was the decade of Madonna and Michael Jackson with shoulder pads and workout wear which dominating the fashion scene. ( Publication: Vogue Country: United Kingdom Date: 15 April 1980) This ended individualism in the 1990s with Grunge, Goth and a sense of anti style with tattooing and body art becoming in vogue. (Publication: Phase Country: United Kingdom, Date: May 1994) In the 20th century the key to selling magazines was the use of celebrity faces and anorexic models with porcelain skin. Diet plans and Make up tips more than ‘†how to catch a guy and keep him† cover lines make the magazine move. Environment friendly clothes and cosmetics modelled by Julia Roberts and Leonardo di Caprio were the latest trends. (Publication:ElleCountry:Spain Date: August 2002) Until the 90s, Asian society and fashion has been very traditional with local influences. In 1990 fashion icon Princes Diana wore a Salwar kameez and Asian fashion became a noticeable global trend. The 1990s also saw the rise of the â€Å"Asian -chic†. International pop icons like Janet Jackson promoted the Asian look and gave it an International stage. â€Å"As Asian economies flourished, than crashed and began to recover, Asians of different class, ethnicities and gender faced the decision of whether they should wear Western or Asian clothing.†(L. Ann Marie, J. Carla, 2003). The growth of international magazines in Asia and promotion of the Western beauty ideals confused already puzzled nations, drastically affecting the self esteem of many young men and woman. A lot has been recorded about the fashion influences, cultural changes and media in the West however there is hardly any record of such changes in the East. Study has proven that there is great difference between the local and international versions of the magazines but there is no record of the influences and effects on society due to these differences. MAGAZINES TODAY The difference between international magazines and their ‘local versions is that the international issues tend to carry a predominance of images for multinational products. (Shaw, 1999). Such magazines are growing in popularity in Asia and this popularity has bought about a change in perspective regarding the depiction of woman and products in local magazines. Griffin, Viswanath, and Schwartz(1994) found in a study comparing images in weekly U.S. news magazines (Time and Life) to weekly Indian magazines (India Today and Illustrated weekly of India), that many of the western advertising principles and poses for women were being conveyed across nations. They confirmed that female models in India were taking on poses that related closely to ‘gender portrayals ‘of the advanced western nations. A recent analysis of magazines international and local in China by Frith, Cheng and Shaw (2004) suggests that Caucasian models are more frequently shown in seductive dresses than Asian models. Feminist critiques like Kates, Shaw and Garlock (1999) would argue that western magazines are cultural institutions that represent women in a problematic and often unacceptable way although attractive female bodies and sexual content have for long been used in the west to attract consumers to a product and generate interest. Comparing this to the representation of woman across cultures with reference to the few studies conducted on the topic; Griffin, Viswanath and Schwartz (1994) concluded that the use of â€Å"Sexual pursuit† as a theme was used three times more often in U.S. magazines than in Indian magazines. In conservative Asian countries like Malaysia and Indonesia only Caucasian women were used in Lingerie advertisements (Frith and Mueller, 2003). Any magazine wanting to be resonant with its target audience needs to represent the social norms and cultural values of the given society. International magazines like Vogue and Elle although have publishing houses in Asian countries most often train their employees in the west. The result being that the forms of representation and especially that of woman can take on a globalized look. As Kyung-Ja Lee,(2000, pg 86) has rightly said â€Å" for thirty years, media have been taken to task for reproducing and reinforcing stereotyped images of woman. Yet unfair representation of woman in media still prevails worldwide. Sex stereotyping has been so deeply ingrained, even glorified, that the woman themselves have become desensitised to their own inferior portrayal. The prospects appear even gloomier as the globalisation of media progresses† Previous researchers have noted that the images of models used in magazines have been extensively retouched to represent the ideal of beauty that is unattainable for all but a very few people.(Greer,1999; Gauntlett, 2002). By showing models that are ‘uniformly thin, flawless and perfectly proportioned the media may contribute towards low self esteem and unhappiness among woman and give rise to problems like eating disorders. In fact media is a large contributor to the global increase in plastic surgery to change physical appearance among young girls. Finally as global media takes readers away from local publications it is important to study the impact of international beauty ideal on local consumers. With most models used in international magazines being ‘white the publications are rarefying the ethnic beauty ideals. In fact the obsession with whitening products may be a result of this overuse of White models in Asian publications. For the Caucasian women the body may represent beauty while for the Asian woman it might be the face. For some Asian countries beauty is the simplicity in a ‘sari clad woman while in some parts of Africa its a tattoo adorned naked female. To better understand how beauty and women have been represented internationally as compared to locally and their differences based on society and culture I have considered 3 issue of Vogue magazine across cultures (U.S, India and China) for the period of 6 months from February 2009 to June 2009. The unit of analysis was restricted to the cover pages, containing at least one model. Looking at Vogue magazine over the last twenty years we can easily conclude that the magazines expansion strategy has been very aggressive. Condà © Nast which has a portfolio of 127 magazines in 23 countries believes Vogue to be its cash cow. At present there are a million fashion and beauty magazines such as In Style, Elle and Cosmopolitan circulated around the globe, but in times of crises citizens all over turn to Vogue to confirm the latest fashion news. With readership and subscription levels of about 220,000 a month for the British Vogues, 133,000 a month for the French Vogue and American Vogue, at 1.2 million a month Vogue is the leading magazine in the business of fashion. The Greek, Indian and Chinese Vogues not being as influential are important only to their local countries. The French and Italian Vogue cater to the edgier end of the market while American and British Vogue embrace fashion in the broader sense owing to their larger readership. (A. Lisa, 2009, Times online)